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Al Jazeera English has a whole series of documentaries available for free on Youtube about Palestine and Al-Nakba ("The Catastrophe") which helps contextualising what is happening right now in Gaza and all Israeli-occupied Palestine.
Palestine is in the midst of a humanitarian crisis while the United States and other European Prime Ministers express their solidarity with Israel. It's crucial that you educate yourself and know the horror of this senseless bloodshed. It's crucial you support Palestine and Palestinian's struggles for justice and the end of this illegal occupation.
It's important to remember that all of Israel was built on occupied land. Israel is an apartheid state and a settler colony. The Israeli state has no right to exist. Free Palestine đ”đž and boycott Israel!
The Israel-Palestine conflict: a brief, simple history (not by Al Jazeera but short and very comprehensive)
Jaffa, The Orange's Clockwork (a stunning and powerful documentary about deconstructing the Jaffa oranges brand through representations, archival photos and videos. It tackles forced evictions, the bombing of Palestine and Al-Nakba. The documentary is available of vimeo for under 6$, absolutely worthy! I have bought this film in Italian so message me if you'd like to see it!)
Lost cities of Palestine: Haifa, Nazareth, and Jaffa
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UPDATE because apparently not everyone has seen this yet the new and improved version of this is a MEGA folder: https://mega.nz/folder/kQBXHKwA#-osWRLNCXAsd62ln8wKa8w
This Christmas I am thinking about Palestinian Christians - who make up the oldest Christian community in the world.
Palestinian Christians, like Palestinians of other faiths, were also dispossessed of their homes and lands during the Nakba and experience the brutality of the occupation just as much as any other Palestinian does. Pilgrimages to occupied Palestine frequently ignore the entire existence of Palestinian Christians - who are routinely barred from visiting their own holy and ancestral sites.
Shireen Abu Akleh, an Al Jazeera reporter who was assassinated by Israel while covering an IOF raid on Jenin, was a Palestinian Christian. Edward Said, the author of Orientalism, was raised Christian from a Palestinian Christian family.
Palestine is not a Muslim cause, itâs not even an Arab cause, and itâs not a religious conflict - Free Palestine is a cause for all Palestinians against colonialism, including Palestinian Christians. Merry Christmas to Palestinian Christians.
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i know hearing people on this website love to pass around those posts with links to free sign language lessons but you know you need to actually put effort into learning about Deaf culture, too, right?
resources for other Deaf cultures include, but are not limited to:
Black Deaf Culture Through the Lens of History (BASL and ASL-centric)
Understanding Deaf Culture by Paddy Ladd (which can also be found on archive.org)
Many Ways to Be Deaf: International Variation in Deaf Communities
the British Deaf Association website
directory for Deaf Australiaâs âOur Deaf Waysâ video podcast (presented in Auslan with audio from an interpreter and accurate closed captioning for all episodes)
The Irish Deaf Community by Patrick A. Matthews
Breaking the Silence: The Education of the Deaf in Ireland, 1816-1996
the Canadian Deaf Culture Center website
History of Hawai'i Sign Language and Hawai'i Deaf People by Barbara Earth, with Linda Lambrecht
âWe did it ourselvesâ: The Deaf Social Movement and the Quest for the Legal Recognition of the Libras Sign Language in Brazil
Some time ago I received a message from someone who was highly demotivated and was thinking about giving up on language learning, although they were still attached to it âïž
Out of my answer, I created this post with tips that helped me a lot while I was having a hard time with Japanese. I hope you'll find it helpful too đ„°
Reflection
Ask yourself if you really care about learning this language by writing down a list of pros and cons. Of course, you have to be extremely honest with yourself!
Bonus points if you have a planner you can take a look at to visualize the progress you made with time
Change your routine
It happened so many times that I was on the verge of giving up on a language, so during these moments of burnout, I usually take my current language-learning routine and change it!
I suggest taking some time away from textbooks to focus more on passive learning through native content
Change your mindset
Do not rely on comparison with other learners of the same target language, you should only compare to your past self
Wasted time does not exist, even when you are just relying on passive learning, as this practice helps you with slowing down the process of the forgetting curve
đ” Brief introduction to the history of Neapolitan: Origin and history of a minoritised language (from @/neapxita on instagram)
âïž alt text under the cut !!
10th century - Placiti Campani
The first written evidence of Neapolitan dates back to the 10th century, when four sworn declarations were composed in modern-day Campania. Despite the brevity and formulaic nature of the texts, the Placiti campani provide an invaluable early example of the vernacular spoken in Campania, and allegedly the first one in the Italian peninsula.
15th century - Aragonese Court
Neapolitan becomes the main language of public administration and internal affairs of the Aragonese kingdom.
In the 15th century, the newly established Aragonese monarchy in Naples and Southern Italy pioneered the use of Neapolitan as the language of public administration and internal affairs until the end of its rule.
In the 15th century, the newly established Aragonese monarchy in Naples and Southern Italy pioneered the use of Neapolitan as the language of public administration and internal affairs until the end of its rule.
During this time, in addition to being one of the official court languages, Neapolitan slowly replaced Latin, and was used for poems, chronicles, and treatises. The oldest full history of Naples written in this language, however, is the Chronicle of Parthenope, which dates back to 1350, prior the establishment of Aragonese monarchy.
17th century - I
With the spread of Tuscan among elites post-1500, 17th-century intellectuals in Naples were making a case for the dignity of Neapolitan as a literary language.
While Neapolitan had been adopted by earlier authors, monarchs and religious authorities, only in the second half of the 17th century did it establish itself, although not without dissent, as a rich literary language.
Specifically, it is with the works of Giambattista Basile and Giulio Cesare Cortese that Neapolitan transformed into a fully fledged, alternative literary language (as opposed to Tuscan) used for both conventional genres and original ones, including the pastoral, novel, lyric, epic, satire, mock-epic, fairy tale, and opera.
17th century - II
Intellectuals aimed to create an illustrious vernacular that could rival Tuscan and to legitimise it as an equally worthy language.Â
According to Neapolitan intellectuals, Tuscan could not be given the label of a more literary language. The use of their native Neapolitan, instead of the foreign Tuscan, served to shape and legitimise an autonomous, and equally respectable, literary reality.
18th century
In the 18th century, to take a stand against the taste for Italian Mannerism in Tuscan, there was an outburst of literary production in Neapolitan.
As the literary production of the early 18th century carried forward the legacy of Cortese and Basile, literary academies in Naples hosted public readings of works in Neapolitan which were written by and for the members of the Neapolitan elites.
The 18th century was also the time in which the first grammars of Neapolitan appeared. The first to be written was Francesco Olivaâs Grammatica della lingua napolitana (1723), while the first to be published was Ferdinando Galianiâs Del dialetto napolitano (1779). Yet, despite the literary success of Neapolitan, many stigmatised it as ignoble, and the exclusive language of the plebs.
Ferdinando Galiani
For Galiani, Neapolitan was not just the language of the populace, but the cultural property of the nation.
âTherefore we do not despair yet (...) Perhaps one day our dialect will achieve the most unexpected fortune: we will defend our causes in this language, pronounce our decrees, promulgate our laws, write our annals, and do everything that the patriotic zeal of the Venetians has allowed them to do in their own harmonious dialectâ.
19th century - Music
Neapolitan and Neapolitan-language music have a rich and long-standing tradition.
The earliest mention of the performance of villanellas coincides with the visit of king Charles V (or Charles II of Spain) to Naples between 1535 and 1536. The first anonymous collection of villanellas was published shortly after.
After the kingâs visit, villanellas, which were sung in Neapolitan, acquired clear political undertones and became representative of Neapolitansâ national identity in the 16th century.
However, the song fest of Piererotta marks a turning point in Neapolitan music history. Starting officially in 1835, the festival constituted a major festivity attracting tourists from both within and outside the kingdom.
1861 and Fascism
At the moment of the unification of Italy in 1861, less than 2,5% of the population was able to use Italian. Â
Much like Latin in the previous centuries, Italian was an exclusively written and literary language known only to a minority of literate people.
The appearance of the first bilingual dictionaries immediately before and after the unification confirms that Neapolitan was not only the language of the common people but also that of the literate.
In the aftermath of the unification, these dictionaries were used to help students who were monolingual in Neapolitan to learn Italian, the language of the new state.
In the 20th century, the nationalist agenda of the fascist regime suppressed the use of all minority languages and enforced the use of Italian in its stead, especially at school. Children were beaten or otherwise punished, generating fear and shame towards their native languages.
Since then, Neapolitan has continued to be spoken, sung and written, albeit without being taught nor recognised by the Italian state, often coexisting in a situation of dangerous diglossia.
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if thriftbooks doesnât have what youâre looking for, especially if youâre looking for it used/cheap, alternatives include betterworldbooks and discoverbooks.
Other tips for cheaper books is checking amazon and scrolling down to the âbuy usedâ or âother sellersâ section and then checking to see if those sellers have storerfonts off of amazon.
There is also a good chance that you might have a local, indie book store that likely also has a used book section! Indiebound might help you find those book stores!
Also, check out your local library, sometimes, they have a for sale section or might have certain times of the year where they do massive used book (dvd, cd, etc) sales to fundraise!
(Itâs also worth checking directly from an authorâs or publisherâs page and seeing if they have other places they sell their books. I know this is about cheaper/used books, since some of yâall arenât built for piracy or the library, but also if you want to dodge supporting amazon AND want to more directly support artists you support, thereâs a good chance they might have alternate ways to buy the books!)
currently (trying) to get out of a big depressive episode. I have one (1) class left and then I am done my degree (thank u God). I had another really difficult year but I am hoping that being done school will help me set a better schedule and work towards passions and things that are good for my overall health.Â
My goal is to write the French B2 Delf in March. If anyone has suggestions or resources they like pls send them my way <3