Itās been a while and I want to add a few things, since last semester I ended up writing a paper on the problem of Mormons and Indigenous people (with regards to Twilight, but it is also applicable here). From the essay:
Mormons and Indigenous people have a long, bloody, and contemptuous history. From the start, The Book of Mormon states that both Jewish and Indigenous Americans are āscattered Israelites,ā descendants of an ancient family of Jews who came across the sea from Israel and settled in America. Indigenous people are believed by Mormons to be āLamanites,ā sons and daughters of the wicked āLaman,ā and at the top of a hierarchy of cursed lineages, ācursed with rednessā or āmarked skinā for turning away from God.
Mormons believe that ancient Lamanites slaughtered Nephites (pale-skinned, righteous God warriors and descendants of Nephi), despite the fact that there is no archaeological evidence or oral tradition from any Indigenous group to suggest this ever happened, and there is no genetic link between ancient Jewish populations and ancient Indigenous populations.
As a result, Mormons (like many other Christian organizations in America) took part in the brutal and paternalistic residential school system, believing that Natives needed to be āsaved,ā (āKill the Indian to save the man.ā) Of all the residential schools in the U.S., one third were run by Mormon missionaries. Beyond residential schools, Mormons also operated the āIndian Placement Programā from 1954 to 2000, responsible for sending up to fifty thousand Native children to live with Mormon foster families. Both residential schools and the Indian Placement Program were rife with every kind of abuse imaginable. The last student within the program graduated in the year 2000, five years before Twilight was published. Mormons also took part in colonial expansion, believing their cause of slaughtering and converting āLamanitesā to be righteous retribution. Along with the U.S. government, Mormons were responsible for the Bear River Massacre of 1863, in which Shoshone women and children were raped, and more than four hundred and fifty Shoshone were slaughtered.
This expansion plays uncritically into the white supremacist stereotypes of Indigenous people perpetuated by Mormonism. Figures like Daniel and Joshua Graham are positioned by the narrative as the only hope for the Sorrows and Dead Horsesā They are otherwise hopeless as they are hapless, and their cultures are shown to have degenerated and become childlike and superstitious. Again, there is a strong theme of paternalism throughout this DLC, an attitude which is heavily historically loaded.
I ALSO wanted to also add that, as I stated before, National Parks operate as a colonial project to alienate Indigenous people from our own lands. There is/was an ingrained belief in American culture that we are incapable of managing it, even as we managed to do so very successfully for thousands of years before European arrival (another theme played into in this expansion).
This is to say, I think it is significant that this story takes place in a former national park. I think it could have been a really interesting commentary about the reclamation of Indigenous land by Indigenous people, but this is far too overshadowed by the ham fisted narrative of paternalism, textual ascendancy of Mormonism, and uncritical presentation of Native people as (sometimes noble) savages.
Again, as I always try to say, you can enjoy what ever characters and DLCs that you like. Obviously. (Personally, I think Joshua Graham is an interesting figure, and his narrative could have easily been fixed if the Dead Horses and Sorrows had been given more agency of their own! Show a deeper sense of folly in his actions! Show that the Dead Horses and Sorrows are their own people instead of a horde of squatting, mostly-naked stereotypes that speak to you in Tonto Talk and uncritically glaze Joshua and Daniel at every given opportunity. I also enjoy some of the equipment in this DLC, and the scenery is quite pretty.) But I want white fans to be aware of the themes present, and the ways in which harmful stereotypes are portrayed. Listen to us!