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@cuties-in-codices
botanical illustrations (aloe, dill, black henbane, rose, apium, mandrake, water lily, meadow sage)
from a manuscript of johann hartlieb’s kräuterbuch (book of herbs), a treatise dealing with the medicinal uses of various plants. this copy was created in northern bavaria, c. 1462
source: Berlin, SBB, Ms. germ. qu. 2021
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noah's ark / the burning bush / allegorical image of the virgin mary as the enclosed garden and paradise of all delights
full-page miniatures from a manuscript originally created in east anglia, c. 1190-1200, containing a picture cycle of the life of christ. the book was transformed in northern england, c. 1480-90, when a second cycle of images and texts (rosary prayers and others) was integrated into the earlier cycle. the miniatures above make part of these late medieval additions.
source: Los Angeles, J. Paul Getty Museum, Ms. 101, ff. 10r, 13r, 79r
muhammad's ascension to heaven (1. muhammad visits the hell for misers; 2. muhammad's encounter with an angel in the shape of a gigantic white cock who keeps track of time and calls the faithful to prayer; 3. muhammad at the gates of hell)
miniatures from a copy of mahmud al-bulgari's nahj al-faradis (the paths of paradise), a work dealing with the prophet muhammad’s mystical ascension to heaven, which takes him to both paradise and hell. on his journey, muhammad is mounted on the winged creature buraq and accompanied by the archangel gabriel/jibril. this particular (since dismembered) manuscript was commissioned by the timurid ruler abu said mirza and created by al-sarai in herat (timurid empire, modern day afghanistan), c. 1465
sources: Copenhagen, The David Collection, Inv. 13/2012, Inv. 14/2014; Christie's
marginalia birds
from the llangattock hours, illuminated by willem vrelant, the master of the llangattock hours, the master of the llangattock epiphany, and other flemish artists in bruges, 1450s
source: Los Angeles, J. Paul Getty Museum, Ms. Ludwig IX 7
dragon fights
in the margins of the prayer book of charles the bold, a diminuitive prayer book (measuring about 5 x 3.5 in, or 13 x 9 cm) comissioned by charles the bold, duke of burgundy, and written and illuminated in flanders, late 15th c.
source: Los Angeles, J. Paul Getty Museum, Ms. 37
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decorated text pages
from the stammheim missal, a richly illuminated liturgical manuscript produced at st michael's abbey in hildesheim, lower saxony, c. 1160-80
source: Los Angeles, J. Paul Getty Museum, Ms. 64, ff. 63v-74v
I’m reading a book called “Nothing Natural is Shameful: Sodomy and Science in Late Medieval Europe” and its about how natural philosophers approached why people engaged in sodomy (specifically anal in this case; the definition of sodomy in the middle ages is ever-shifting). There’s a manuscript of Evrart de Conty’s commentary on Aristotle’s Problemata (Thuringer El.f.81) with a first page illumination of Aristotle teaching to representative figures of different disciplines (1r). Opposite of Aristotle is a naked man with a golden bowl, which the author thinks might represent the occult sciences. Have you ever heard of anything like that before?
Oh interesting. Yk I'm not sure if need to know more about the context of the drawing to say for sure but that could be true. Pseudo-Aristotle was often used as a vehicle for esoteric writing, and the author could have been influenced by Lazzarelli's Crater Hermetis imagery, or be referring to the Greek practice of hydromancy, which often involved using a young boy. But this isn't really a common symbol for western esotericism off the top of my head. Lots of people drank from cool bowls. I'd want to know more.
This is the miniature @wildgingerofnyc is talking about. The manuscript (containing Evrart de Conty's Problèmes d'Aristote, as they said) was created in Paris, c. 1400.
Jena, Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, Ms. El. f. 81, fol. 2r.
Here's the catalogue description of the manuscript, which also mentions the reading of the naked person as "potentially a hermaphrodite, symbol for hermeticism, representing magic or alchemy" (rough translation by me).
town square scenes (in lucerne and zofingen)
miniatures from the luzerner chronik, a chronicle of the history of the city of lucerne written by diebold schilling and illustrated with over 400 full-page miniatures by two painters. the manuscript was created in lucerne, c. 1511-1513
source: Luzern, Korporation Luzern, S 23 fol., pp. 336 and 528
gifts from above (miniature of the gathering of the manna; border illustration of men pouring out baskets of wild pansies with people gathering them)
page from a richly illuminated book of hours commissioned by an unknown member of the franciscan order and produced in flanders, late 15th c.
source: Munich, BSB, Clm 28345, fol. 89r
14th c. pheasant hunting trick (a pheasant being lured into a hunter's trap by its own reflection in a mirror, which it believes to be a particularly beautiful mating rival that it needs to fight)
illustration from a manuscript of henri de ferrières' hunting manual, le livre du roy modus et de la royne racio. paris, c. 1375-1400
source: Paris, BnF, Français 1297, fol. 88r ; for more context on the mirror trick see this blog entry by artifexinopere as well as this edition of ferrières hunting manual (pp. 283-286 for the pheasant chapter)
****** @cuties-in-codices shares another interesting mirror (and another interesting manuscript). Below is the full folio from this particular 'edition' of this manuscript (Fol 88r):
The book is known as Le livre du roy Modus et de la royne Racio {The Book of King Modus and Queen Ratio}, and is usually attributed to a certain Henri de Ferrières. It is believed that the earliest manuscript was commissioned by the French king Charles V, also known as Charles the Wise, and produced in Paris in the late 1370s.
The book consists of two parts: Livre des deduis du roi Modus - which is essentially a long treatise on hunting, and includes both accounts of various animals (deer, bears, boar, and so on) and birds, including ways to hunt them; and the second, shorter part, called Le songe de Pestilence.
The hunting section apparently became very popular, and multiple copies were made for various patrons. Even today more than thirty manuscripts exist, and many more likely didn't make till now. The most famous copy was commissioned by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy and made around 1455. It is now kept in the Royal Library of Belgium (KBR) and its illuminations (attributed to Master of Girart de Roussillon) are perhaps the best known of all the manuscripts.
Here is how the scene with the mirror-loving pheasant looks there:
The legend of birds being lured by mirrors is often traced back to Pliny, who wrote in his Natural History: "Our eyes are so perfect a mirror that even a tiny pupil reflects the whole image of a man: this is why most birds that we hold in our hands try to peck at our eyes, because, seeing their image there, they are drawn to them as to the objects of their natural affection."
This illumination is from another manuscript, also in the BNF {BNF Français 12399 fol 90v}.
The treatise itself offers quite an elaborate explanation of why a pheasant can be reliably caught with this mirror trap: "Here I shall tell you why the pheasant strikes at the mirror: pheasants are of such a nature that the male cannot tolerate in his company any other male pheasant; thus they clash with one another and rush at each other. "The reasons are these: one is that, because of his beauty, he is envious of his likeness; the other is that a pheasant is never without a female, and for these reasons they do not at all like being in one another’s company.
And so he will not hesitate in the least to enter the cage if he sees his own form in the mirror, for he will strike at it very fiercely, believing he sees another pheasant; and thus the cage falls and he is caught.
And this is a certain and true thing."
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14th c. pheasant hunting trick (a pheasant being lured into a hunter's trap by its own reflection in a mirror, which it believes to be a particularly beautiful mating rival that it needs to fight)
illustration from a manuscript of henri de ferrières' hunting manual, le livre du roy modus et de la royne racio. paris, c. 1375-1400
source: Paris, BnF, Français 1297, fol. 88r ; for more context on the mirror trick see this blog entry by artifexinopere as well as this edition of ferrières hunting manual (pp. 283-286 for the pheasant chapter)
canace writing to macareus
miniature from a manuscript of octavien de saint-gelais' french translation of ovid's heroides, produced in cognac or angoulême and illuminated by robinet testard, c. 1497
source: Paris, BnF, Français 875, fol. 58r
elaborate border decorations
from a richly illuminated book of hours originally belonging to a bavarian princess. produced in flanders, c. 1520/30
source: Vienna, ÖNB, Cod. 2730
scenes from the life of christ
pages with miniatures and liturgical chants from a dominician processional manuscript, produced in the dominician women's convent of st agnes in strasbourg, early 14th c.
source: Karlsruhe, BLB, Cod. St. Peter perg. 21
foolishness in rome: pagans dancing and worshipping idols
miniatures from a copy of la cité de dieu, raoul de presles' 14th c. french translation of augustine's de civitate dei contra paganos (on the city of god against the pagans, 5th c. AD). this copy was produced in paris and illuminated by the maïtre françois, c. 1475-80
source: The Hague, RMMW, 10 A 11, ff. 35v, 36v, 45r, and 54v
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genealogical peacock (displaying coats of arms of members of the hainhofer family of augsburg)
double-page miniature from a heraldic manuscript (stammens-beschreibung des hainhoferischen geschlechts), augsburg, 1626
source: Augsburg, SuStB, 2 Cod Aug 14, fol. 5v-6r
gospels of john of opava: gospel initials
intricately decorated, full-page initial letters (F, I, I) for the gospels of luke, john, and mark, from the richly illuminated (and written entirely in gold ink) gospels of john of opava (evangeliar des johannes von troppau). manuscript produced in prague, bohemia, c. 1368
source: Vienna, ÖNB, Cod. 1182, ff. 92r, 149r, and 56r
