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“The forces which [Newton] introduced left Nature still without meaning or value. In the essence of a material body—in its mass, motion, and shape—there was no reason for the law of gravitation. Even if the particular forces could be conceived as the accidents of a cosmic epoch, there was no reason in the Newtonian concepts of mass and motion why material bodies should be connected by any stress between them. Yet the notion of stresses, as essential connections between bodies, was a fundamental factor in the Newtonian concept of nature. What Newton left for empirical investigation was the determination of the particular stresses now existing. In this determination he made a magnificent beginning by isolating the stresses indicated by his law of gravitation. But he left no hint, why in the nature of things there should be any stresses at all. The arbitrary motions of the bodies were thus explained by the arbitrary stresses between material bodies, conjoined with their spatiality, their mass, and their initial states of motion. By introducing stresses—in particular the law of gravitation—instead of the welter of detailed transformations of motion, he greatly increased the systematic aspect of nature. But he left all the factors of the system—more particularly, mass and stress—in the position of detached facts devoid of any reason for their compresence. He thus illustrated a great philosophic truth, that a dead nature can give no reasons. All ultimate reasons are in terms of aim at value. A dead nature aims at nothing. It is the essence of life that it exists for its own sake, as the intrinsic reaping of value.”

Radio Astronomy

Below is sine and cosine graph in relation to circle (R undefined)

“Progress in the field of nanotechnology means that these robotic systems can be scaled-down to a microscopic level. Nano-scale robots could be especially valuable in the medical field, as intelligent surgeons that operate within the body on a molecular level — making it appear as if cancers in sensitive areas full of nerves, which a scalpel runs the risk of severing, are simply dissolving. Unclogging arteries would also be a lot easier. But the implications of these nanobots for industry are truly astounding. Imagine the 3-D printing technology of today being replaced by printers that assemble computer-generated or 3-D scanned and modeled objects on a molecular level, akin to the food replicators of ‘Star Trek.’”

“Progress in the field of nanotechnology means that these robotic systems can be scaled-down to a microscopic level. Nano-scale robots could be especially valuable in the medical field, as intelligent surgeons that operate within the body on a molecular level — making it appear as if cancers in sensitive areas full of nerves, which a scalpel runs the risk of severing, are simply dissolving. Unclogging arteries would also be a lot easier. But the implications of these nanobots for industry are truly astounding. Imagine the 3-D printing technology of today being replaced by printers that assemble computer-generated or 3-D scanned and modeled objects on a molecular level, akin to the food replicators of ‘Star Trek.’”

“Progress in the field of nanotechnology means that these robotic systems can be scaled-down to a microscopic level. Nano-scale robots could be especially valuable in the medical field, as intelligent surgeons that operate within the body on a molecular level — making it appear as if cancers in sensitive areas full of nerves, which a scalpel runs the risk of severing, are simply dissolving. Unclogging arteries would also be a lot easier. But the implications of these nanobots for industry are truly astounding. Imagine the 3-D printing technology of today being replaced by printers that assemble computer-generated or 3-D scanned and modeled objects on a molecular level, akin to the food replicators of ‘Star Trek.’”

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“Thus, the cities of the future, rather than being made out of glass and steel as envisioned by earlier generations of urbanists, are instead largely constructed out of crude brick, straw, recycled plastic, cement blocks, and scrap wood. Instead of cities of light soaring toward heaven, much of the twenty-first-century urban world squats in squalor, surrounded by pollution, excrement, and decay.”