Do you bite your thumb, sir?

Like I remember when the only way friends could contact me was the old shared house phone...probably the last generation in mainstream US life to say that. I remember the internet arriving and being INFINITELY more competent at using it than adults and fucking around on AIM and chat rooms. I remember pagers and adults having them but wasn't old enough for one until they were already obsolete.

I was taught how to formally handwrite a letter and address the envelope. Followed by mandatory keyboard typing classes and "computers" starting as a "specials" in elementary school.

The first cases of cyberbullying started in my generation. Adults had no idea how to address it.

We were at the front end of cell phones and texting becoming the norm, by my late in my HS/early college times. I remember owning totally separate pieces of tech for digital photography, playing music, watching video, playing video games, GPS/navigation, scientific calculator, an alarm clock, flashlight, etc. many replaced by smartphones. And I remember being an early smartphone adopter in my late 20s.

I remember the screeching hell of dial up and how fucking pumped we were when much better DSL/cable internet started. I remember sometimes having to print out papers for college to some professors and hand them in person and for others, having to submit them by email or online uploads instead. In my early career, I remember having to fax paperwork as much as I emailed it.

My home has physical media in VHS, DVD, and Blue ray formats. I remember when VHS was officially phased out as the standard format.

I had more cellphones with gimmicks across the years than I could count. The old Nokia brick. The tiny phone SNL mocked. The sidekick full keyboard that flipped out. The Blackberry that was my first time getting email on the go. The original Droid. Early iphones.

I'm Mark Zuckerberg's age...aka of the generation of women he was ranking hotness of in this pre-Facebook days and the target group he rolled out The Facebook for...I was on it when you had to be at an invited college.

Slow down, would you? I've been trying to bust in here for years. I want a good look. What do you mean, bust in?

Phia Saban reflects on Helaena's pregnancy and what it means to her

OP: Why couldn’t traditional Chinese Yinpiao银票/silver drafts be forged if they were merely slips of paper? (cr大明宝钞，渐越)

Traditional Chinese yinpiao/silver drafts were paper vouchers issued by private banks starting from the Song Dynasty(960–1279). People could exchange these slips for physical silver at bank branches across the country.

Silver drafts were made in multiple copies with matching serrated seal edges. One copy went to the customer and others stayed at the bank. All edges had to fit perfectly together to withdraw silver. The unique split edge marks were almost impossible to copy.

This mechanism is known as qifeng骑缝 (split-joint seal) in China. It first originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046–771 BC). The Rites of Zhou records that contracts were written on bamboo or wooden slips in duplicate. Notches and marks were carved in the middle before splitting the slips, with each party keeping one half. The two halves would be matched by their notches for verification.

During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (770–221 BC), this idea evolved into hufu虎符/tiger tally tokens. A military tally was split into two pieces with identical inscriptions carved along the split edge. Troops could only be deployed if the patterns and characters on both halves perfectly aligned, serving as a metal version of the split-joint anti-counterfeiting system.

The technology matured in the Tang Dynasty (618–907). Government documents and private contracts commonly used split-joint seals stamped across the dividing line. The Chinese character "hetong合同" (contract) was written across the middle before the paper was torn apart, so the complete characters would only appear when the two halves were put together. This split-coupon system was later adopted for Song Dynasty (960–1279) jiaozi paper money and yinpiao/silver drafts of the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368–1912).

Official Song dynasty paper money (Jiaozi交子) was abolished in 1107. Private silver drafts issued by Qing-era piaohao票行 (ancient exchange banks) vanished completely in 1951, hit hard by modern banks and currency reforms. Nowadays silver drafts no longer circulate as currency. Their collectible value depends on their rarity and physical condition.

First they were called "chirographs", but later the word "indenture" (in its earliest meaning as just a legal document of any kind between two people) came to be used, originating from the practice of a contract being written twice on a single piece of parchment and then cut in half with serrated edges (as in dent, "teeth" -> indents -> indenture) in order for each party to take one half, so they could later piece them together and verify that there had been no forgery -- same as the Chinese silver drafts!

(Charter of the Clerecía de Ledesma, 1252, showing the serrated indents at the top -- presumably they are cutting rather than tearing because they're using parchment, which I expect is much harder to tear than wood-pulp paper like the Chinese were using)