Ćcoutez bien mes amis! Weāre gonna do some learning.Today weāre talking about demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns. Ā In English we use the same set of words (This, That, These, and Those) to indicate both-
I have that book, but I donāt have those.
In this sentenceĀ āThatā is a demonstrative adjective because it modifies a noun, in this caseĀ ābookā. In the same sentence āthoseā is a demonstrative pronoun because it takes the place of an implied noun, which in this case isĀ ābooksā. We can change their places in the sentence like this-
I have those books, but I donāt have that one.
Now āthoseā is the adjective, and āthatā is the pronoun. Notice that it feels more natural to add the wordĀ āoneā after a singular demonstrative pronoun (That or this). French has an equivalent. In French the demonstrative adjectives are Ce (Masculine), CetĀ (masculine in front of a vowel),Ā Cette (Feminine)Ā and Ces (Plural). The demonstrative pronouns are Celui (Masc singular), Celle (Fem singular), Ceux (masc plural), and Celles (Fem plural). letās look at them in action-
Jāai ce livre, mais je nāai pas ceux-lĆ .
Livre is masculine and singular, so it takes the demonstrative adjective Ce. The demonstrative pronoun Ceux isĀ replacing the noun Livres which is masculine and plural. Lastly, in this example sentence Ceux is followed byĀ -lĆ . Remember in the English how we said āthat oneā instead ofĀ āthatā? This is the French version.
French demonstrative pronouns must be used with-
-lĆ or -ci, the differenceĀ between these two is as minuscule as the differenceĀ between āthisā and āthatā. You can use them interchangeablyĀ and still be understood. Ex: Jāai celui-ci. I have this one. Jāai celui-lĆ . I have that one.
Or a preposition. Ex: Jāavais celuiĀ avant toi. I had that before you.
Or a dependent clause. Ex: De tous le livres, je préfére ceux qui sont court. Of all the books, I prefer those which are short.
Remember that when you are using demonstrative pronouns you must take into account the grammaticalĀ gender and number of the noun that you are replacing.
It would be correct to sayĀ āJāai celui-lĆ ā If I was talking about a book, but if I was talking about a candle I would need to sayĀ āJāai celle-lĆ ā. This is because Livre is masculine, while Bougie is feminine.
I hope this helps! If you have questions, or want more examples, or found an error, please let me know!Ā