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be of low birth and act in a manner insolently above your rank

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Traces of coca and nicotine found in Egyptian mummies - WTF fun facts
well DUH. a lot of historians are still trying to process the fact that ancient egyptians knew how to build boats, which is ridiculous. why would they not be seafarers and explorers?
this is not new or surprising information at all. it pretty much day one of any african-american studies course.
the egyptians knew that if they put their boats in front of the summer storm winds it’d blow them right across the sea to the Americas and they shared that with the greeks.
It’s really hard for people to understand that everyone had boats, exploration, and trade interactions without the same level of murder, colonization, and violence that the Europeans did. It’s really hard for people to get that.
Well, no people find hard to understand that one of the earliest civilizations could build a boat sturdy enough and reliable enough to cross a 8,766 mile stretch that gave people thousands of years of technological progress later great difficulty.
The notion that technology is a steady upward climb of “progress” is, itself, part of a Eurocentric historical narrative revolving around the tacit teleological assertion that Western European civilisation represents the culmination and endpoint of history.
In reality, technologies are frequently discovered, lost and rediscovered, often multiple times, and frequently in parallel. A Dark Age in one region may be a time of rapid technological development in another region, and it’s not uncommon to encounter evidence of ancient civlisations using technologies a thousand years out of whack with the “proper” order of discovery… where “proper” is defined in terms of the order in which those technologies were discovered in Western Europe - there’s that Eurocentrism again.
I mean, just to give you an idea of how flexible the order in which technologies are developed can be and how ultimately wrong-headed the notion of linear technological progress is, there are Central American civilisations that had indoor plumbing, central heating and hot and cold running water before inventing the wheel. Some of the First Nations in what is now Eastern Canada had sophisticated climate models and reliable weather prediction - including functioning barometers and other simple meteorological instruments - before they figured out metallurgy.
So no, it’s not particularly incredible that the ancient Egyptians had boats far more advanced than they “should” have given their overall level of technology. That stuff happens all the time.
People invent the technology they need. They can even invent a technology, then not use it.
The Inca are often accused of “not knowing about wheels.”
Except, they did have wheels. They just didn’t use wheels for long distance transportation. They had a huge road system. On which everything was moved by pack animals and people. The Inca road is an incredible feat of engineering.
So, why didn’t they use wheels?
Because their land was so freaking mountainous that the road would repeatedly turn into this:
Tell me what earthly use a wheel is when your road keeps having to have steps and narrow bridges because you live on top of a mountain.
But that image shows us what they did have.
That’s a suspension bridge. Europeans didn’t invent those until centuries after the Inca did.
Because when the most efficient route through your home hits chasms, guess what?
You get real good at making bridges!
And when the best way to move goods through your desert homeland is a big river?
You get real good at making boats.
The technology a culture develops and uses is the technology they need. In Europe that was one suite of technology, and because white folk are so dang arrogant, we think that’s the superior means of development. It’s not, it’s just how technology develops in Europe.
The Minoan civilisation in Greece, around 2,500 BCE, developed huge technological advancements, including fully operational water and sewage systems, complete with flushing toilets. This would be around 3,000 years before one was invented in England.
Minoan Greece was also a sea power. They had huge fleets of ships, which meant they did a lot of exploration. They also built one of the biggest trade networks in the world, reaching as far as Egypt, Cyprus, Canaan, Syria, the Iberian Peninsula (modern-day Spain and Portugal), the Levantine coast, Anatolia and Mesopotamia (modern-day Turkey, Israel and Iraq).
A volcano eruption on a nearby island, which caused a tsunami, possibly destroyed their sea power and left them vulnerable, which is why most of their technology was lost.
The Late Bronze Age Collapse a few centuries later led to the simultaneous destruction of advanced civilisations in Greece, Egypt, the Near East, Asia Minor, North Africa, Caucasus, Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean. This caused a dark age across two continents which created isolated village cultures, and is the reason most of their advancements were lost.
The notion that technology can only advance is some white nonsense.
That too.
(Minoan Crete may have been part of the inspiration for Atlantis).
This is also why Egyptians didn’t bother with the wheel* for like three thousand years. What fucking good are wheels when EVERYTHING IS SAND?
But on the flip side…they came up with a way to use water to basically hydroplane those giant stone blocks in their buildings across the desert. Which is a hell of a lot more useful in an unpaved sandy region.
Likewise let’s not forget the Aztecs, who came up with a farming system so efficient (chinampas) that parts of it are still used today and really ought to be revived on a wider scale as part of sustainable farming. And also Native Americans, and I’m using that term BECAUSE it’s so broad: look at tribes across the country and you’ll see something interesting. Iroquois, living in a cold, well-forested, and often icy land, built immovable longhouses—which would survive the bitter northeastern winters. Plains tribes developed the tipi/teepee—while they also faced long, even dangerous winters, they also lived in a place where travel was far easier and the worst of winter could be weathered by heading south. Or down where I live, the Sinagua (later assimilated into the Hopi) built their homes IN CLIFFS. And by that I mean “off the ground, built into the cliff face with adobe.” Aka, some of the best pre-refrigeration insulation against the heat that you could possibly hope for. We still don’t know how they did it, incidentally. “With ladders, dumbass” is an obvious answer in some of their dwellings, but in others it’s not clear how they just….hung over a sinkhole, a quarter of a mile or so above the water, and chipped out the front doors so they had a place to sit while they made the rest. Scaffolds? Very well-balanced rope ladders? Smaller cliffs they chipped off afterward to prevent enemy incursion? We don’t know, but we do know they found a way to make the extreme heat survivable and even sort of a nonissue. They never bothered with stuff like modern central AC because they found a way to let the stone and clay do the job for them.
Technology isn’t always a race. Sometimes it’s just an evolution.
*nominally. We have extant toys from this period that have wheels to make them move.
Part of the reason behind this is the Doctrine of Discovery “The Papal decree aimed to justify Christian European explorers’ claims on land and waterways they allegedly discovered, and promote Christian domination and superiority, and has been applied in Africa, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the Americas. If an explorer proclaims to have discovered the land in the name of a Christian European monarch, plants a flag in its soil, and reports his “discovery” to the European rulers and returns to occupy it, the land is now his, even if someone else was there first. Should the original occupants insist on claiming that the land is theirs, the “discoverer” can label the occupants’ way of being on the land inadequate according to European standards. This ideology supported the dehumanization of those living on the land and their dispossession, murder, and forced assimilation. The Doctrine fueled white supremacy insofar as white European settlers claimed they were instruments of divine design and possessed cultural superiority.” (emphasis mine)
In order to take lands for colonialism, all evidence of things that would classify as “sophisticated technology” had to be destroyed, ignored, forgotten, etc. A “civilized” society couldn’t be claimed, and so the explorers would dismantle anything that counted as “civilized”.
Our modern ideas about everywhere BUT Europe being “uncivilized” are part of systemic racism and white supremacy that started over 500 years ago.
There’s stuff we’ve discovered that we don’t know how to make or what it was for. Like, we have people living in space. But there’s these batteries (!!!) discovered in Iraq that have scientists going “Yeah, well, isn’t that a Thing?”
The state of the world is incredibly shitty with COVID-19 and all the things that happened in 2020. But what I want to talk about is the fucking Anti-Terrorism Bill in the Philippines.
While the current government may say that they aren't following in the footsteps of the Marcos regime, they are negating themselves with their actions. After all, the President has talked about declaring martial law. There is also the controversy on the franchise renewal of ABS-CBN, which is a media and entertainment network. Now there is the Anti-Terrorism Bill.
The Anti-Terrorism Bill is made to "prevent and stop" terrorist attacks. It targets people likely to perform acts of terrorism or people who are likely to join terrorist groups. The problem here is that it allows the violation of the Constitution and Human Rights by state institutions (like the AFP - Armed Forces of the Philippines, and the PNP - Philippine National Police). Any suspicion and it could leave you at their mercy. Especially because the definition of terrorism is up to them.
This means that we would have our hands tied and our mouths sealed shut because who knows what their definition would be? Protests? Different opinion than that of the government? This sounds like what transpired during the Philippine Martial Law in the Marcos Regime. Information blackout and the fear of speaking up because of the law and military.
Let's say the government isn't following the Marcos regime, they are still fucking up the state of the nation anyway with their actions and we need to change this for the sake of the country and ourselves.
History is there to teach us the mistakes of the past. However, history repeats itself. When will we end the cycle?
We need to speak up. We need action. Spread information. Stop misinformation. Speak up before we can't speak at all. I hope we all do our part. #junkterrorbill
P.S. I hope this was written well. If not, well, the message is there anyway. If there is anything you wish to correct or to add, message me.
@imaturedebdeb, @kalinka-moya, @smoldiabetic, @adrielleswift, @hyliantimelordin221b, and anyone else, please help spread the word. We all need each other's help.
Please please don’t ignore this. Raise awareness, send emails to our government with these emails;
We as Filipinos cannot actively protest against this because then we would be considered terrorists. I cannot voice this aloud because there is a HUGE chance they would hunt me down and K1LL me. The PHL government does not listen to PETITIONS instead EMAIL the senate and the Malacañang!
The state of the world is incredibly shitty with COVID-19 and all the things that happened in 2020. But what I want to talk about is the fucking Anti-Terrorism Bill in the Philippines.
While the current government may say that they aren't following in the footsteps of the Marcos regime, they are negating themselves with their actions. After all, the President has talked about declaring martial law. There is also the controversy on the franchise renewal of ABS-CBN, which is a media and entertainment network. Now there is the Anti-Terrorism Bill.
The Anti-Terrorism Bill is made to "prevent and stop" terrorist attacks. It targets people likely to perform acts of terrorism or people who are likely to join terrorist groups. The problem here is that it allows the violation of the Constitution and Human Rights by state institutions (like the AFP - Armed Forces of the Philippines, and the PNP - Philippine National Police). Any suspicion and it could leave you at their mercy. Especially because the definition of terrorism is up to them.
This means that we would have our hands tied and our mouths sealed shut because who knows what their definition would be? Protests? Different opinion than that of the government? This sounds like what transpired during the Philippine Martial Law in the Marcos Regime. Information blackout and the fear of speaking up because of the law and military.
Let's say the government isn't following the Marcos regime, they are still fucking up the state of the nation anyway with their actions and we need to change this for the sake of the country and ourselves.
History is there to teach us the mistakes of the past. However, history repeats itself. When will we end the cycle?
We need to speak up. We need action. Spread information. Stop misinformation. Speak up before we can't speak at all. I hope we all do our part. #junkterrorbill
P.S. I hope this was written well. If not, well, the message is there anyway. If there is anything you wish to correct or to add, message me.
@imaturedebdeb, @kalinka-moya, @smoldiabetic, @adrielleswift, @hyliantimelordin221b, and anyone else, please help spread the word. We all need each other's help.
Please please don’t ignore this. Raise awareness, send emails to our government with these emails;
We as Filipinos cannot actively protest against this because then we would be considered terrorists. I cannot voice this aloud because there is a HUGE chance they would hunt me down and K1LL me. The PHL government does not listen to PETITIONS instead EMAIL the senate and the Malacañang!

Anya is live and ready to show you everything. Watch her strip, dance, and perform exclusive shows just for you. Interact in real-time and make your fantasies come true.
Free to watch • No registration required • HD streaming
Our right to freedom of speech is now being taken away, right at this very second. You know your country is fucked to its very core, when it prioritizes an unconstitutional bill over mass testing for COVID-19.
#WeGetJailedAsOne
#JUNKTERRORBILLNOW
#MASSTESTINGNOWPH
meanwhile in the Philippines: so apparently the Anti-Terror Bill now only needs the signature of our shitshow of a president to become a law. I don’t even know anymore. it’s outrageous. this mad tyrant who thinks he’s above the law prioritized this bill over thousands of filipinos who are sick, hungry, and jobless in the middle of a pandemic. he’s incompetent and deranged. he’s tampering with our consti, silencing the critics, violating our rights, and he’s getting away with it. and to add to how horrible they are:
WATCH: Anti-Terror Bill Principal Author and ACT-CIS Party-list Rep. Niña Taduran's manifestation on House Bill No. 6875, referring to rallyists and demonstrators in the United States as "terrorists".
fuck the representatives who voted yes but with great reservation for the anti-terrorism bill. A BIG FUCK YOU. you should have voted against the bill instead.
carina and danielle for dusty rose vintage
Miss Major Griffin-Gracy is a trans elder and a stonewall icon who often gets forgotten when pride comes around. She is still alive and sharing all of her love!🏳️🌈
As of July 2019 is recovering from a stroke. This pride month consider donating to a black LGBTQ elder! She has a retirement/recover fund running: https://fundly.com/missmajor?ft_src=email_share_mobile
Emergency medical bills! Between Oct. 2018-Jul. 2019, this Fundly raised $80,000 toward Miss Major's basic needs. Following her recent strok

Anya is live and ready to show you everything. Watch her strip, dance, and perform exclusive shows just for you. Interact in real-time and make your fantasies come true.
Free to watch • No registration required • HD streaming
i know there’s a lot going on but ICE are now one step closer to literally creating gas chambers. they are spraying a chemical called HDQ neutral roughly 100 times a day, every 15 minutes at the adelanto detention center (one of the biggest in the country). people are getting rashes, headaches, their insides are bleeding, etc. the guards are wearing gloves and masks but the detainees have NOTHING. and here’s a quick reminder - america inspired the nazis to create gas chambers when they gassed latino people during the 1917 bath riots.
here’s a petition to sign. it’s close to it’s goal. if there’s anything else we can do to help i’ll update this post.
I don’t have the words to properly explain how horrifying this is. In April, the advocacy group Freedom For Immigrants published a report about unsanitary conditions at the detention center, where the immigrants were made to clean the facilities with only water, or shampoo. According to their report, there were sick detainees there - possibly with COVID-19, but it’s unclear since they weren’t being tested - and the conditions could easily lead to a situation in which the virus exploded among those there.
The guards are spraying this disinfectant in retaliation for the report. To be clear - HDQ is an industrial-strength disinfectant, which according to the manufacturer is “harmful if inhaled” and “causes severe skin burns and serious eye damage.” The guards are spraying it on everything every 15-30 minutes, according to sources, and immigrants in the center have already experienced severe symptoms including blisters, rashes, bleeding, fainting, breathing difficulties, headaches, stomach pain, and nausea.
And let’s be real - ICE doesn’t give a shit, either about protecting these people or about preventing a COVID outbreak. ICE, according to their own reports, currently has 25,911 people in custody, of which only 2,670 have been tested. 1,392 of those were positive. In simple terms - less than 10% of detainees have been tested. Of those, more than half are positive. We cannot estimate how many sick people ICE is currently holding, or how many more will get sick without any kind of prevention or care.
ICE is killing people through neglect, and when they dared complain - they started gassing them.
Unfortunately, with Trump in the white house, petitions aren’t doing much. What we can do, however, is donate to the advocacy group that is bringing these things to light, allowing them to continue their work and hopefully free more immigrants. Their donation page is here. Please spread this.
if ur not black and u have to log off for a while for ur mental health, dont make it a big to-do. dont make a post like "keeping up with the news is so exhausting im gonna be logging off for a while guys :(" or "i cant handle the negativity in the news right now so im going offline for awhile :(" like that just makes u look like a privileged ass. taking care of urself is important but u dont have to make a post. just like any other day, ur allowed to just not be online for a few hours. i promise no ones gonna question it. no ones gonna be trying to hunt u down and demand to kno why u havent been posting #blm every ten minutes all day long with no breaks to eat or sleep or live ur life. u can just.... quietly log off
hello! i know i havent been here in like 6 months, and this might be my only post for a while, but since i have a pretty decent following on here, i thought i’d do something good and share donation links and resources, mostly regarding the protests and riots that have been happening recently, but also just general relevant resources. i don’t have the money to donate, nor do i have the ability to go out to protests myself, so i figure the next best thing is to share the links myself.
if any of you are like me and cant donate yourself, reblog this. reblog a million times if you want, blow up my notifications, i dont care. reblog if you donate, reblog if you dont. i want to do what i can to help people, good people who are either out protesting all of this disgusting, senseless police brutality and black people whos businesses have been damaged and black people period. usually i’d put a long post like this under a read more, but since this is such a huge, important cause, i want these links to be right in my followers faces. thank you to anybody who takes the time to read this or to donate or to reblog ♥ (ps, i’ll most likely be reblogging this post again in the future with any other links i find!)
donations for black owned small businesses that have been effected sacdelux consignment store waller & company jewelers private stock guns and roses boutique go get it tobacco shawn’s on broadway du nord craft spirit smokes n’ things zahalea anderson’s school of self defense hydia’s hair store earthy goodness vegan imahn’s hair studio
bail funds columbus, ohio denver, colorado atlanta, georgia los angeles, california brooklyn, new york lousville, kentucky san jose, california milwaukee, wisconsin austin, texas baltimore, maryland detroit, michigan houston, texas kansas city, missouri las vegas, nevada chicago, illinois portland, oregon nashville, tennessee philadelphia, pennsylvania connecticut massachusetts the northwest
resources reclaim the block moodi pimento relief fund twin cities recovery project mental health help for black people protester safety direct donation to blm
Favourite Lines + Macbeth
the thing about people who are like “i don’t like tolkien that much, fantasy should move on and be better” is that i AGREE that fantasy has all the wrong holdovers from lotr. but when you ask those people what contemporary fantasy they think is better, they’ll say shit like name of the wind or game of thrones, and i do not relate to that…..at all?? or even, like, brandon sanderson, whose books i REALLY like. but if you’re still naming mostly white straight male authors, what is it about tolkien you wanted to leave behind exactly???
If y’all’s “moving on from Tolkien” is still centered in reading fantasy written by cishet white men, y’all are missing out.
Martha Wells, Books of the Raksura. Shapeshifting gargoyle-dragon-lizard people in a matriarchal society. About finding a new home and a new family. Really evocative world building that hints at much older civilizations in a luxuriant setting.
NK Jemisin, The Broken Earth series. Post-apocalyptic setting. People of color actively dismantling systems of oppression. People of color being justifiably angry at what has been done. People of color being powerful. A black woman as the main character and multiple queer characters. She won THREE Best Novel Hugos for this series.
NK Jemisin, The Inheritance Trilogy. An empire has imprisoned and enslaved multiple gods, and is using them to further their oppressive systems. The mixed race female protagonist helps them find liberation. Some polyamory and non-binary themes.
Aliette de Bodard, Dominion of the Fallen series. “Dark Gothic fantasies set in a ruined turn-of-the-century Paris devastated by a magical war.” Fallen angels, Asian dragons, Viet culture, and queer PoC in positions of power. Her website has lots of free fiction as well. Special mention to The Tea Master and the Detective, a Sherlock Holmes retelling where Sherlock is a WoC and Watson is a sentient spaceship.
Fran Wilde, The Bone Cycle. Beautiful worldbuilding, tradition, (mis)information, climate change. This series is so gorgeous I have deliberately not finished reading it yet, because I am saving the last few chapters of the final book for when I’m going through a rough patch and need something lovely to escape into.
Amal El-Mohtar, Seasons of Glass and Iron. Fairy tale heroines going “nah, fuck this nonsense, we’re making our own story”. Amal mostly writes poetry and short fiction, and all of it is beautifully lyrical. Her words are so beautiful they make me angry.
Charlie Jane Anders, All the Birds in the Sky. It blends several genres in one, and honestly you are better off reading it than reading any summary I could make about it.
And so many, many, many more in the fantasy/sci-fi/horror genres. Ursula Vernon/T. Kingfisher, Alyssa Wong, Ken Liu, Rebecca Roanhorse, Seanan McGuire/Mira Grant, Daniel José Older, RF Kuang, Nnedi Okorafor, Jeannette Ng, Ann Leckie, Ted Chiang, Mary Robinette Kowal, Ruthanna Emrys, Louise Erdrich, Elizabeth Bear, Saladin Ahmed, Nisi Shawl…
If you can’t afford them, that’s okay, you have options:
Make sure to check them out at your local library.
Don’t want to go to the library, or don’t have a means to do so regularly? Ebooks! Overdrive/Libby is your friend–you just need to get a library card and then you can borrow ebooks through their ever-growing database. You can even recommend books to them–authors will get a sale if the library buys the book! They also have a growing audiobook supply, and you can recommend those to your library as well.
Libby has a phone app that is perfectly functional, so if you don’t have a dedicated e-reader but own a smartphone, you can get your books that way too.
Do you prefer short fiction? So many of these authors have stuff available online, be it on their website or on zines. A brief search will supply you with more fiction by non-white-dudes than you know what to do with.
tl;dr:
Read diverse authors.
Diane Duane, Lois McMaster Bujold, Doris Egan, Ann Downer, Pamela Dean, Emma Bull…
Reblogging so that I can remember some of these names next time my to-be-read pile is winnowed down to a point where I can get new books from bookstore or library (oh, who am I kidding, reblogging so I can get some more books and who cares that I already have piles to read…)

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،⭒﹙𝙠𝙞𝙢 𝙣𝙖𝙢𝙟𝙤𝙤𝙣 - 𝙡𝙖𝙮𝙤𝙪𝙩𝙨﹚.˚ 一 like/reblog if you save!┆follow me for more. ៹
Another hilarious thing I feel we should talk about more is the fact that *film* Aragorn and Arwen break up right before Aragorn leaves Rivendell……. meaning that film!Aragorn spends most of the quest in an “oh my god my relationship of 50 years just ended what do I even do with myself????” depression haze.
It explains so much…..
Like. Externally Aragorn is on an epic quest to save Middle Earth, internally he’s crying on the couch in his sweatpants eating a tub of the Middle-Earth equivalent of Ben and Jerry’s
Legolas: Aragorn?
Aragorn: Arwen used to call me Aragorn…..
Legolas: Because it’s your fucking name
To be clear I actually love the film’s version of Aragorn/Arwen’s relationship, there’s a lot of Dramatic Potential/ angsty meta you could write on it, but–.
BUT
It’s also like– you think Aragorn has to put up with Legolas and Gimli’s annoying romance antics? Legolas and Gimli have to deal with Aragorn spending half the quest staring wistfully into the distance and sighing dramatically about What Can Never Be™…with how often he sings the Lay of Luthien, basically the Middle Earth equivalent of Adele’s Someone Like You….
Gimli: You haven’t washed your hair in MONTHS. We’re staging an intervention.
Aragorn (lying flat on the ground with his face in the dirt): aweralwkerjwae
Legolas: You’re only 87– you’ve got your whole life ahead of you. You can find love a second time!
Aragorn: I did. Boromir died.
Legolas: Maybe three is your lucky number!
#for me film Legolas’ main character trait#is that he’s incapable of reading the room (tags via @overthinkinglotr)