A Bit of Marxist theory for next post I will make
This is a preview for what will be discussed in the next post
Note: these text will be freely translated so some therms might be wrong.
I will consider primarily marxist theory and the writings from Karl Marx, this does not mean I agree personally on what is presented here I am just explaining the ideas.
For Marx a human being is separated by the individuality and the social background where this human being is inserted. These two aspects influence each other, social background influences me and i influence social background. Humans are social beings because the social component is part of his identity, the most important thing that humans have is their social background which is shared by everybody.
So now lets think of a situation, If i tell you āhey fellow tumblr i'm behind you right nowā what would you do? Obviously you would turn and see nothing, your answer would be like āno you're not I saw nothing behind meā, for you to acknowledge that I am in fact behind you, you would NEED to see me and to hear me correct?
Thats the main idea we need to understand before moving on. For you to acknowledge something you need to use your 5 senses for you to perceive it. You cannot acknowledge something you cant see, hear touch etc. When we acknowledge things, for example I am touching and seeing the keyboard of my PC right now, I know its a keyboard because someone told me this was a keyboard so I defined what is keyboard in my head, based on what someone told me. But my interpretation is limited to my own knowledge and culture that I belong to, correct? If I ask a russian what a keyboard is, he might describe something with a different alphabet. The conclusion is the act of āacknowledgingā something is subjective and unique to each person.
Okay so now let's take another step. As we said, human beings are social beings. But if a man is in a coma for example, we can't socialize with him correct? Hes just there, he is therefore just a biological being not a social being anymore (he is still human, but his social self is dormant). For Marx for us to be social beins we need to alter the ambient around us constantly.
Let me explain, for us to exist socially we need to alter the ambient around us, we need to create something that is noticeable by the 5 senses to others around us (Marx calls this objectification or VergegenstƤndlichung). When I work I take something from the world and alter it creating a new thing. People will acknowledge my creation and perceive it through the 5 senses producing a meaning to my creation that is subjective to his/her individuality. People will appropriate the meaning of it and subjective it (Marx call the events described in this paragraph as praxis). If I don't Work I am socially dead. Exist is to Work.
That my friends is the concept of Work in Marx.
So for Marx bourgeois don't work because they do not appropriate elements from reality and change them creating new things, they do not produce new meanings. Investing does not produce meaning, so bourgeois dont āworkā. They are like parasites; they use the work of others.
In marxism you cannot have the thing, you only can have the MEANING of the thing, the impression of the thing you saw, felt and heard, which is true only for you. For Marx the rich person is not the one that HAS but the one that IS, the more things you experience and give meaning to the richer you are. What is really important for Humans is to BE not to HAVE.Ā
When men are born they are empty of meaning, all men are the equal in that matter, they need to experience things to become richer. However there's a limitation to the access of these experiences.
For example I would love to see a gallery of art in London, but I cannot. And why is that? There's nothing keeping me from going, no legal bans⦠nothing, I simply could stand up right now, buy a plane ticket and go to London, so why don't I do that? Because I cannot afford it. For Marx Freedom is the possibility to choose between doable possibilities. Freedom is also only possible for social beings because they have a goal (my goal is to see the gallery). You cannot ask what the goal of a tree is when it produces apples.Ā
Okay now let's take the final step. Let's talk about Marxist Ontology. You don't need to be afraid of this word. Ontology is the study of the general properties of being (what makes a computer a computer, what makes a computer different from a car), While Epistemology is the study of theĀ nature, stages and limits of human knowledge (How do I know that this is a computer?).
Usually Ontology is subjected to Epistemology. In Kant we need first to define what a 80ās computer is to then look to the past and say āhey look that's an 80ās computerā. In Marx, since everything has a History you need to first look at the past and conclude āgiven the historical context in the 80ās I can define what an 80ās computer isā, Epistemology is subjected to Ontology. That is why Marx is materialistic. That's why Marxists and Gnostics kind of hate each other because for Marx the material world is the only world we can extract knowledge, and for the gnostics the material world keep us from reaching the real knowledge.
So observing our history Marx got to the conclusion that the objects produced by Work accumulates and always grows. There are more cars today than in 1920. So If I need to experience things not to be empty, the more Work is available for me to experience the more options I have therefore I am more free to choose. I am more free if I can choose between 13 ice cream flavours than if I have just 2. Theres why Marx wants to abolish the social classes, because if there's no oppression everybody has access to freely choose their experiences.Ā
Marx would say that societies evolve when their work systems evolve, the more you have access to others work the more evolved you are. For Marx socialism is more evolved than capitalismĀ that is more evolved than feudalism. The best work system would be communism. In communism everybody would have absolute access to give meaning to the work produced. Freedom is related to Work for Marx.
Source:
https://youtu.be/Dl3Yocu-1oI?si=h24Hs0SVIj1n-dtd
https://youtu.be/jWamCheyxKM?si=dXMPb9--foulYfQa
https://youtu.be/2WndNoqRiq8?si=mcRK7Hi7e_WyMkX_