His is kind of an awkward question but from what I gather being a radfem just means holding men and the patriarchy solely responsible for women's oppression which I think is a little shortsighted but not /evil/ which seems to be the consensus on tumblr, and I also don't understand how this leads to them being TERFs. I've done a fair bit of research into it but I can't work it out so I was wondering if you could explain the issues with radical feminism?
Its tricky. The definition of radical feminism is a bit hard to get to, because its so debated. I would argue (along with I think most contemporary feminists trying to account for its origins) that radical feminism emerges from a realization that class reductionist marxist feminism cannot adequately account for the experiences of women. Beauvoir, McKinnon, Wittig, Dworkin, all more or less not that while there is a socioeconomic nature to the oppression of women, the marxist reduction to socioeconomics is not analytically sufficient to explain womens experiences. As such, radical feminism posits an alternative theory which centers the oppression of women and the enforced supremacy of men as the central structure of oppression in the lives of women.
Critics of radical feminism have noted that this merely decenters one totalizing structure (the material relations of historical materialism) with another, and thus maintains a tendency to bracket out questions of racial, class based, and colonial repressions. Iâm not particularly interested in sorting out that debate right here, but it is worth thinking about the fact that the mere act of centering patriarchy as âSolely responsibleâ caries some weight to it in terms of how it shapes the lens through which we analyze violence in womens lives. Doesnât mean its incorrect but we should be honest that its a contested position.
So having established a bit of an understanding for what defines radical feminism, and having acknowledged that the definition itself is a site of debate, we can move on to what I take to be your real question, which is how that analytic move which radical feminism emerges out of leads to an antagonistic stance towards trans women.
Here, again, there is controversy. My own professor and department chair Bonnie Mann (in her open letter to Lierre Keith, which you can find from google) maintains that it largely comes down to the fact that the idea of a man becoming a woman does not compute within the sex-caste analytic radical feminists employ, and thus trans women pose a theoretical threat to the totalized explanatory power of radical feminism. For her, it seems that its easier to reject trans women out of hand than it is to amend radical feminist theory to account for why such âsex-caste class traitorsâ might exist in the first place.
In my view, there are certain tensions within radical feminism already which I believe lead to trans antagonism. Radical feminism is internally divided over sexual difference and its ontological status. Beauvoirâs famous âOne is not born, but becomes a womanâ is a concept fraught with transnational issues, and is a site of hot debate. Irigaray who will maintain that sexual difference ought to be centered and celebrated, and Wittig who maintained that sexual difference was merely ideology which must be combated, both sought approval of their interpretations from Beauvoir (Neither quite got it actually).
Irigaray and the other psychoanalytic french feminists ended up rising to prominence in the united states, leading to a specifically american brand of radical feminism that tended to center sexual difference as an ontological stable reality which needed to be affirmed and centered. McKinnon insists that neither she nor Dworkin really took this stance, and in an interview with the transadvocate she really double down on an insistence that she agrees with Wittigâs approach to sexual difference, and rejects its affirmation.
All that said, an internal debate over the status of sexual difference, largely resulted in the movement supporting a position which centered it and demanded it be recognized as ontologicalally constituted. This I believe is a foundational reason that contemporary and especially anglo/american radical feminism ends up with a trans antagonistic standpoint, it lays the groundwork for Daly and Raymond to make the invader claims they make, which are predicated on an insurmountable and essential difference between the sexes.
So, is trans antagonism inextricable from radical feminism? As it exists today, perhaps. Could the movements internal debates have resolved in other ways? Absolutely, the impetus was there. Myself and many others maintain that Wittig provides a framework for a trans inclusive radical feminism. But that is not the radical feminism which won out, it is not the radical feminism which dominates within the academy and activist spaces today.