#verb patterns

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VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND OR INFINITIVE WITH CHANGE IN MEANING.

forget to do vs forget doing,

go on to do vs go on doing,

mean to do vs mean doing,

quit to do vs quit doing,

regret to do vs regret doing,

remember to do vs remember doing,

Here are the last two in the Transitive Verb Patterns. In case you want to know about the other verb patterns, including the first two in this Pattern group, I will link them here: The Be Verbs (Patterns I-3), the Linking Verbs (Patterns 4-5) the Intransitive Verb pattern (Pattern 6) and the first two Transitive Verb Patterns (7-8)  ---- alright Just kidding, I found out -through my own investigation- that uh, the links I’ve been using to link my other posts, aren’t working... but I mean, you can just type in sentence pattern in the search and they’ll all appear. 

so this is going to be quite long, since I’m including not only patterns nine and ten but also exceptions and a few other things, so let’s just get right into it!

The Object compliment patterns

the final category of verbs are divided into two groups, either an adjective or a noun phrase. 

this is a small class, and will most often appear in pattern VII so do not worry too much. 

Pattern IX: Np1 v-tr NP2 ADJ

the students consider the course challenging

the teacher made the test easy

the boys painted their hockey sticks blue. 

In this pattern, the object compliment is an adjective that modifies or describes the direct object. 

the relationship between the direct object and the object complement is the same as the relationship between the subject and subject compliment in patters 2 and 4. 

In pattern nine the subject complement describes the direct object. 

the functions of the object complement are

 completes the meaning of the verb

 describes the direct object.

Most pattern nine sentences need the object complement because the meaning of it would change. 

The students consider the course.

the teacher made the test. 

verbs commonly found in this pattern include:

prefer

like

final

consider

make 

Pattern X: Np1 v-tr NP2 NP2

the students consider the course a challenge

we elected Emma president

the director called the situation a perfect storm. 

Just as both adjectives and NP’s can be subject complements, both can asl serve as object complements. in this pattern, the object complement is an adjective. 

this means that 

it completes the meaning of the verb

it renames the direct object. 

we can compare this relationship with that of pattern three.

the possibility of actually inserting the words to be between the direct object and the following slot can serve as a test for Patterns IX and X. so basically, if ‘to be’ is possible then what follows is an object compliment. 

Taryn finds her job easy.

Pam Fins her job a challenge. 

in both of these you can place ‘to be’ in and could find the object complement.

Compound Structures. 

sentences can be expanded in many ways, and I’ll get into that later, but for right now, I just want to talk about Compound structures.

so a common way to expand a sentence is through coordination. this is accomplished with conjunctions, the most common conjunctions being the coordinating ones...surprise.

and 

or 

but

the correlative conjunctions are two part connectors

both-and

not only- but also

either- or

neither- nor

every slot in the sentence patterns can be filled by a compound structure

Money an dhope vanished

they either drove their cars or took the bus.

to diagram these, you’d use a dotted line. As I have said before I’ll get into diagramming later. 

Exceptions to the ten sentence patterns

some sentences can be thought of as exceptions to a particular pattern. certain intransitive verbs, such as reside, sneak and glance would be ungrammatical wiithout an adveribal. Certain transitive verbs also differ because they also require adverbials.

we placed an ad in the paper

joe put the books away. 

because the members of the exceptions are small, you can simply just include them in the exceptions part of patterns 6 and seven. 

there’s a group called “midverbs” and they have characterisitcs of both transitive and intransitive verbs. they require a complement but the complement differers from mainstream direct objects. 

for example rather than telling ‘what’ or ‘whom’ the complements following the verbs like weigh, and cost provide info of amount or measure.

the roast weighs five pounds

the roast cost twenty dollars. 

Gerunds and Infinitives

It can be a little difficult to know when to use gerunds and infinitives.

We use gerunds (verb + ing):

After certain verbs - I enjoy singing

After prepositions - I drank a cup of coffee before leaving

As the subject or object of a sentence - Swimming is good exercise

We use 'to' + infinitive:

After certain verbs - We decided to leave

After many adjectives - It's difficult to get up early

To show purpose - I came to London to study English

We use the bare infinitive (the infinitive without 'to'):

After modal verbs - I can meet you at six o'clock

After 'let', 'make' and (sometimes) 'help' - The teacher let us leave early

After some verbs of perception (see, watch, hear, notice, feel, sense) - I watched her walk away

After expressions with 'why' - why go out the night before an exam?