#tigrinya

info and hopaganda under the cut!

Tigray

Proposed state: Republic of Tigray

Region: Tigray Region, Ethiopia

Ethnic group: Tigrayan

Goal: independence

Date: 1999

Political parties: Tigray Independence Party

Militant organizations: Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF)

Current status: war

History

10th century-5th century BCE - Dʿmt kingdom

2nd century-10th century CE - Kingdom of Aksum

1137-1889 - Medri Bahri

1769-1855 - Zemene Mesafint

1935-1941 - Italian conquest of Ethiopia

1941-1943 - British occupation

1943 - Woyane rebellion

1974-1991 - Ethiopian Civil War

1975 - creation of the TPLF

1998-2000 - Eritrean-Ethiopian War

2020-present - Tigray War

Tigray is often regarded as the cradle of Ethiopian civilization. It was the center of the Dʿmt kingdom and also part of the Kingdom of Aksum and of the Medri Bahri kingdom.

Between the mid-18th and mid-19th centuries, Ethiopia was divided into several regions with no effective central authority. In Tigray, the position of Governor of Tigray was established to rule the area.

In 1943, an uprising against the centralization process undertaken by Emperor Haile Selassie I took place. The region was peaceful until the beginning of the Ethiopian Civil War in 1974 during which the TPLF was established. This organization also participated in the Eritrean-Ethiopian War.

The Tigray war started in 2020 after the refusal of the TPLF, which used to be part of the Ethiopian governing coalition until 2019, to merge into a new party created by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and the central government’s refusal to recognize the election for Tigray’s state council. Armed movements from other regions of Ethiopia have joined the war on the TPLF’s side, together with the Tigray Defense Forces and the Tigray Independence Party.

Tigrayan people

The Tigrayan people mainly live in Ethiopia. There are around 7 million of them.

They speak Tigrinya, a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic family, and are mostly Oriental Orthodox Christians.

Tigrayans group in social institutions whose relations are based on mutual rights and bonds. Customary law is a very important part of their culture and is widely practiced.

Vocabulary

ደዐመተ (Dʿmt) - Dʿmt kingdom

ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ትግራይ (ḥayilitati mikiliẖali tigirayi) - Tigray Defense Forces

ህዝባዊ ወያነ ሓርነት ትግራይ (ḥəzbawi wäyanä ḥarənnät təgray) - Tigray People’s Liberation Front

ቀዳማይ ወያነ (k’edamayi weyane) - Woyane rebellion

ክልል ትግራይ (kilili tigirayi) - Tigray Region

መንግሥተ አኵስም (menigišite ākwisimi) - Kingdom of Aksum

ምድሪ ባሕሪ (midirī baḥirī) - Land of the Sea

ናይኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (Nay-Ítiyop’iya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīki) - Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

ነጻነት (nets’aneti) - independence, freedom

ትግራዎት (tigirawoti) - Tigrinya people

ትግርኛ መኮነን (tigriññā mekoneni) - Governor of Tigray

ትግርኛ (tigriññā) - Tigrinya language

ውግእ (wigi’i) - war

ውግእ ትግራይ (wigi’i tigirayi) - Tigray War

Memrise

BABADADA

Goethe Verlang

Tigrinya Online

Tigrinya – English Picture Dictionary (PDF)

Tigrinya Lessons | The Habby (Youtube)

Tigrinya Lessons | Betelihem (Youtube)

Tigrinya for beginners in 100 lessons (Youtube)

The Sound of the Tigrinya language (Youtube)

Afro-Asiatic: Semitic: Tigrinya (MEGA)

Tigrinya Keyboard

Omniglot

Library Genesis

Wikipedia

Wiktionary

Ethiopian healing scrolls use written prayers and talismanic imagery to combat demons that cause illness. This scroll was constructed from four pieces of parchment sourced from a ritually sacrificed animal. The preparation and viewing of the scroll are equally vital parts of the healing process. The talismans on this example are rendered in washes of red, black, and green, their sketchy, rounded outlines lending the work an overall linear simplicity. In the uppermost talisman, a youthful, beardless saint rides a rearing horse. His bare toes wrap around an Ethiopian toe stirrup as he points his spear upward in the pose of the victorious knight of Christ. Images of saints were popular in Ethiopian Christian art for their association with spiritual intervention. This example may illustrate Saint Tewodros, who was commonly depicted astride a red horse.

The last word we heard Zememesh Berhe say was “bun,” which means coffee, in Tigrinya, and which stands for so much more that is encompassed in the Eritrean coffee ritual. Green coffee beans are roasted in a long-armed aluminum pot with the onomatopoeic name menkeshkesh, for the sounds the beans make when the person roasting shakes the pan gently, carefully watching for when the oils began to gleam and the beans to brown. Once the beans are roasted to the desired depth of flavor, the roaster takes the pan around the room, beginning with the eldest person present and going to each person, inviting them to fan the coffee smoke to smell it. We gave this job to Solo when he was just old enough to carry the hot pan. Then the beans are spread to cool on a straw mat called mishrafat, then ground and brewed three different times and served in tiny, handle-less china cups called finjal, almost always with sugar and sometimes with warmed milk. I learned to say “tu’um” for delicious. It is considered very rude to leave before “third coffee,” for each stage comes with its own blessing and marks more space for communal chat. How I loved to watch Ficre perform this ritual, and then to see the pride with which our eldest son learned it from his father. Coffee ceremony was the most sacred home ritual there was.