Jul 3
the orphic hymn of athena is 32, 3+2=5 and the pentagram or pentalpha is the symbol of the pythagoreans. they called the pentad pallas, which is exactly how the orphic hymn of athena begins. also pallas sounds a lot like balance.
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the orphic hymn of athena is 32, 3+2=5 and the pentagram or pentalpha is the symbol of the pythagoreans. they called the pentad pallas, which is exactly how the orphic hymn of athena begins. also pallas sounds a lot like balance.
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Pythagoras’ School, Plato’s Academy & Aristotle’s Lyceum.
Here is a clean comparison of three (3) major ancient Greek philosophical schools— Pythagoras’ School, Plato’s Academy Aristotle’s Lyceum — focusing on founders, aims, methods, subjects, and institutional culture. 1. Pythagoras’ School (Pythagorean Brotherhood). Founder: Pythagoras of Samos (570–495 BC). Location: Croton (in Magna Graecia, southern Italy) Purpose & Character. Both a…
Pythagoreans.
For Pythagoreans, “number” is a living reality whose nature is to be discovered. Pythagorean study of “number” is divided into four (4) branches: Arithmetic: number in itself. Geometry: number in space. Music (Harmonics): number in time. Astronomy: number in space & time. For the Pythagoreans, number (arithmos) was not an abstract symbol or a mere tool for calculation. It was a living,…
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I am very intrigued by your post on women mathematicians in ancient greece, especially Themistoklia, whose story I find absolutely fascinating. Is there a source you could recommend to read more about Themistoklia in particular?
Hello! Not too many things are known about her, since future male writers obscured her contributions and those of other notable female mathematicians. For starters you can take a look at the English Wikipedia. The Greek Wikipedia version mentions that she loved Geometry so much, she had decorated the temple with geometric shapes. Pythagoras admired her so much that he allowed women in his school as teachers and students. (Notably, his daughters taught at his school)
The sources that mention Themistokleia are:
Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers
Gilles Ménage, (1984), The history of women philosophers, page 48. University Press of America.
Suda Lexicon, Pythagoras, π3124, and footnote 25
1613-1692., Ménage, Gilles, (1984). «The person who is referred to as Themistoclea in Laertius and Theoclea in Suidas, Porphyry calls Aristoclea.».
The history of women philosophers. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. σελ. 48. ISBN 0819142727. 11045203.
Ellen., Waithe, Mary (1987). Ancient women philosophers, 600 B.C.-500 A.D. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff. σελ. 11. ISBN 9024733685
Vita Pythagorae (Life of Pythagoras), Porphyry, 41.5 -- Πορφύριος. «καὶ ἄλλ' ἄττα ἐπαίδευεν ὅσα παρὰ Ἀριστοκλείας τῆς ἐν Δελφοῖς ἔλεγεν ἀκηκοέναι.». Πυθαγόρου βίος. στίχος 41.5.
Philosophic Alchemy. «Υπατία η γεωμετρική» και Γυναίκες Μαθηματικοί της Αρχαίας Ελλάδας». philosophicALchemy.
"The Greek Female Philosophers You Really Should Not Ignore", Definitelygreece.gr
Another article for Pythagorean women (it's in Greek but Google Translate works well)
Lives of the Eminent Philosophers, by Diogenes Laërtius, Book 7. Here is one translation by Robert Drew Hicks. -- Διογένης Λαέρτιος. «φησὶ δὲ καὶ Ἀριστόξενος τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν ἠθικῶν δογμάτων λαβεῖν τὸν Πυθαγόραν παρὰ Θεμιστοκλείας τῆς ἐν Δελφοῖς.». Βίοι καὶ γνῶμαι τῶν ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εὐδοκιμησάντων. Βιβλίο Η΄.
Pomeroy, Sarah B. (2013). Pythagorean women : a social history. Baltimore. ISBN 978-1-4214-0957-3. 853506033.
Sandrine Berges, "Where are all the (Pythagorean) women gone?". Feminist History of Philosophy. (2013)
Happy Solstice!
The Pythagoreans studied mathematics and the natural world, and developed a cosmology that included the transmigration of souls. Women in the sect had equal status with men, and we know the names of more than 20 female Pythagorean philosophers.
This is the second time Bronnikov painted this particular subject. The earlier painting, "Pythagoreans Celebrate Sunrise", was painted eight years prior, in 1869: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodor_Bronnikov#/media/File:Bronnikov_gimnpifagoreizev.jpg
Read more about the Pythagoreans:
Walter Burkert, Lore And Science In Ancient Pythagoreanism https://archive.org/details/walter-burkert-lore-and-science-in-ancient-pythagoreanism
Caterina Pellò, Women in Early Pythagoreanism https://api.repository.cam.ac.uk/server/api/core/bitstreams/8cce1059-be56-4d6c-aff9-e1ffdeb936ca/content
Image information:
Hymn of the Pythagoreans to the Rising Sun by Bronnikov. Inscribed 'Roma' in Latin and dated 1877.
Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HYMN_OF_THE_PYTHAGOREANS_TO_THE_RISING_SUN.jpg
Image license: Public Domain. The official position taken by the Wikimedia Foundation is that "faithful reproductions of two-dimensional public domain works of art are public domain". This photographic reproduction is therefore also considered to be in the public domain in the United States
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Scientific future by Valentino Bellucci
The Golden Verses and other ethical texts are meant to be a foundation for thinking about ethics/morals/virtue, and Hierocles wrote a commentary on them — here's how he approached thinking about vice and virtue.
Text: “There are several forms of vice: in regard to the rational element, thoughtlessness, in regard to the spirited element, cowardice, in regard to the desiderative element, love of pleasure and love of money, and in regard to all of the faculties alike, injustice. Therefore we need a tetrad of virtues to be able to turn away from such vices: for that which reasons, practical wisdom, for that which is spirited, courage, for that which desires, self-control, and for all these faculties alike, justice, which is the most perfect and all-pervading, a virtue that contains all the others as though parts of itself.” Hierocles, Commentary on the golden verses of Pythagoras, trans. Hermann S. Schibli. Background image of a sea of people all glued to their phones.
Be focused.
Iamblichus, when reporting on Pythagorean precepts in the Life of Pythagoras, wrote, “In going to a temple, it is not proper to turn out of the way; for divinity should not be worshipped in a careless manner.”