In the field of Critical Race Studies and Political Sociology, professors generally do not argue that "politics" as a concept is identical to racism. Instead, they argue that the political system in the U.S. was founded upon and continues to be shaped by racial hierarchies.
According to these scholars, politics and racism are so deeply intertwined that they cannot be fully separated when analyzing how power and resources are distributed.
1. The Core Argument: "Race is a Political Construct"
Race studies professors, such as Michael Omi and Howard Winant (authors of Racial Formation in the United States), argue that "race" itself is not a biological fact but a political tool.
* The Theory: Race was created by political and legal systems to justify who gets rights (citizenship, voting, property) and who does not.
* The Conclusion: Because race was invented to serve a political purpose, all politics that involve the distribution of resources (like housing, healthcare, or education) inevitably have a racial component.
2. Systemic vs. Individual Racism
A key distinction made in ethnic studies is that politics doesn't have to involve "hateful" people to be racist. This is often called Institutional or Systemic Racism.
* Neutral Policies, Unequal Outcomes: Professors point to "facially neutral" laws—laws that don't mention race—that still produce racialized results.
* Example: Property tax-funded schooling. Because of the history of redlining (political/legal segregation), Black and Latino families often live in areas with lower property values. Using property taxes to fund schools is a "political" choice that results in what scholars call "educational racism," regardless of the intent of the voters.
3. Key Statistics Cited by Scholars
To support the idea that the political system functions in a racially biased way, scholars often point to disparities in the outcomes of political "neutral" systems:
| System | Metric of Disparity |
| Justice System | Black Americans are incarcerated at nearly 5x the rate of white Americans. |
| Wealth Gap | The median white household has roughly 6-8x the wealth of the median Black or Latino household, often attributed to 20th-century housing policies (like the GI Bill and FHA loans). |
| Voting Rights | Studies have shown that since the 2013 Shelby County decision, polling place closures have disproportionately occurred in majority-minority counties. |