#hyperglycemic

Cadmium is a persistent environmental contaminant that induces oxidative stress and disrupts renal function, posing serious risks to human and animal health. This study evaluated the protective effects of okra seed oil against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four groups: a healthy control group, a cadmium-exposed group, a group receiving okra seed oil alone, and a co-administrated cadmium and okra seed oil group. Biochemical analysis revealed that cadmium exposure significantly impaired renal function, disrupted protein and glucose regulation, and increased oxidative stress markers, indicating severe metabolic and functional disturbances. In contrast, rats treated with okra seed oil alone maintained normal biochemical profiles, demonstrating the safety of the oil. The co-administration of okra seed oil with cadmium significantly mitigated these negative effects, restoring several biochemical parameters toward control levels. Histopathological examination supported these findings. Kidneys from cadmium-exposed rats exhibited glomerular shrinkage, widening of Bowman’s spaces, tubular degeneration, medullary disorganization, and congestion. Conversely, kidneys from rats treated with okra seed oil alone maintained their normal architecture. Notably, co-administration of okra seed oil with cadmium markedly reduced these lesions, with partial preservation of glomerular and tubular morphology, improved cortical organization, and decreased medullary congestion. Overall, these results indicate that okra seed oil provides both functional and structural protection against cadmium-induced renal injury. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties serves as important biochemical and histological markers, highlighting okra seed oil as a promising natural intervention for heavy metal-induced nephrotoxicity.