Heartburn or GERD: Comprehensive Guide to Causes, Symptoms, and Advanced Treatment
Heartburn, often described as acidity or indigestion, is a common symptom of Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER), a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. This backflow causes a characteristic burning sensation in the chest or upper abdomen. While occasional GER is normal, frequent and severe episodes may indicate Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), a chronic condition that requires medical attention to prevent serious complications.
At S N Super Specialty Hospital, our Department of Gastroenterology provides expert care to diagnose, manage, and treat all forms of acid reflux, ensuring long-term digestive health for our patients.
What Causes Heartburn and GERD?
The primary cause is the malfunction of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES), a muscular valve at the stomach’s entrance. Normally, the LES closes after food passes through. In GER/GERD, it weakens or relaxes abnormally, allowing stomach acid to reflux.
Common triggers and risk factors include:
Dietary Habits: Large meals, fatty or spicy foods, citrus, chocolate, caffeine, and onions.
Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and high-stress levels.
Physical Causes: Hiatal hernia, pregnancy, and pressure on the abdomen from tight clothing.
Medications: Certain drugs, such as some anti-inflammatories, can relax the LES or irritate the esophagus.
While heartburn is the most familiar symptom, GERD can present in various ways:
A burning sensation in the chest (heartburn), often after eating or at night
Regurgitation of sour liquid or food
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
The sensation of a lump in your throat
Less Common Symptoms (Atypical Manifestations):
Chronic cough or laryngitis
Chest pain (should always be evaluated to rule out cardiac causes)
Advanced Diagnosis at S N Super Specialty Hospital
Our gastroenterologists use state-of-the-art technology for an accurate diagnosis:
Upper Endoscopy (EGD): A thin, flexible tube with a camera examines your esophagus and stomach for inflammation, ulcers, or other abnormalities. Tissue samples (biopsy) can be taken.
Esophageal Manometry: This test measures the rhythm and force of the muscle contractions in your esophagus.
Ambulatory 24-hour pH Monitoring: A monitor measures how often and for how long stomach acid enters your esophagus, providing the most accurate data for GERD diagnosis.
Barium Swallow X-ray: To visualize the shape and function of your esophagus and stomach.
Personalized Treatment Pathways
Our approach is tailored to the severity of your condition:
Antacids: For quick, occasional relief by neutralizing stomach acid.
H2 Receptor Blockers: Reduce acid production and provide longer-lasting relief.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): (e.g., Omeprazole, Pantoprazole) Stronger acid blockers that allow the esophagus to heal.
Surgical and Advanced Procedures
For patients who do not respond adequately to medication, our expert surgeons offer advanced interventions:
Fundoplication: A laparoscopic procedure where the top of the stomach is wrapped around the LES to strengthen it and prevent reflux.
LINX Device Implantation: A ring of magnetic beads is placed around the LES, reinforcing it while allowing food to pass through.
Diet, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Management
Effective management of GERD often involves strategic lifestyle modifications.
Non-Citrus Fruits: Bananas, melons, apples, pears.
Green Vegetables: Broccoli, green beans, leafy greens, cauliflower.
Lean Proteins: Skinless chicken, turkey, fish, and egg whites.
Healthy Fats: Avocados, walnuts, olive oil.
Spicy foods, onions, and garlic
Tomatoes and citrus fruits (oranges, lemons)
Chocolate, caffeine, and carbonated beverages
Key Lifestyle Adjustments:
Weight Management: Excess weight puts pressure on the abdomen.
Meal Timing: Avoid large meals. Finish eating at least 2-3 hours before lying down.
Elevate the Head of Your Bed: Use a wedge pillow or bed risers to prevent nighttime reflux.
Quit Smoking: Smoking significantly impairs LES function.
Wear Loose-Fitting Clothing: Reduce pressure on your stomach and LES.
Conclusion: Your Health is Our Priority
Untreated GERD can lead to serious complications, including esophagitis, esophageal strictures, and a pre-cancerous condition called Barrett’s esophagus. Early diagnosis and a comprehensive management plan are crucial.
If you are experiencing frequent heartburn or other symptoms of GERD, do not delay seeking expert care.
Book your appointment with a leading Gastroenterologist at S N Super Specialty Hospital today. Let our specialists provide you with an effective, personalized treatment plan for lasting relief and better health.
