#endothelial

SARS-CoV-2 attacks nearly every organ system of the body including the blood vessel wall linings (endothelial cells), causing inflammation that may lead to blood clots blocking blood flow and causing a particular disease - a key to multi-organ complications of Covid and Long Covid, published in the Science journal on November 28, 2024.

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add2962

Building Back Better

You slip, trip or fall and crack...your bone breaks. The bigger the break, the longer it takes to heal, as bone and blood vessels rebuild. Sometimes a bone graft is needed for complete recovery. However, current engineered bone grafts promote bone formation alone. Researchers now present a scaffold that promotes bone and blood vessel formation – microgels containing proteins that mimic the matrix in which bone cells sit. When human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were added to microgels containing chitosan, gelatin and hydroxyapatite, they attached and matured into bone cells. Next, MSCs were added to microgels containing only gelatin. Fluorescence microscopy revealed MSCs attached (pictured, left), stretched out (right) and matured into networks of endothelial cells, which line blood vessels. Combining the two microgels encouraged and enhanced bone and blood vessel formation. This lays the foundation for creating scaffolds that promote both new bone and blood vessels to heal fractures.

Written by Lux Fatimathas

Image from work by Matthew D. Patrick and Jeremy F. Keys, and colleagues

Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in Scientific Reports, September 2022

in the film industry - because regardless of vaccine history, you can still get covid, it can still give complications to healthy individuals - it would really suck if your lead got covid from the interm and died, or worse developed long covid. Because the higher frequency at which someone huffs covid, the more higher chance of long covid.

and there are healthcare workers who see covid patients, or have no direct contact with covid wards but they DO READ the medical articles published, and see where this is going. They're out there still isolating like its 2020 and eating in their cars and not going anywhere. Because covid is still prevalent. And young healthy people who are fully vaccinated and never get sick, are still hitting up the ER because this one variant just decided it had some sort of vendetta.

Then we have monkey pox, which might be following around people who have had covid and have had patches punched into their immune system - because covid still beats the chit out of the immune system despite vaccine status.

And we have covid madness, a side effect of trauma and in part a mental psychosis imparted to those who huff covid. Because covid, despite vaccine status - erodes at the intravascular system - but the effects are invisible because the damage is done slowly and over extended time and takes quite a while to fully heal. This damage is greater to minor capillaries interlinked with tissue, and as you can guess, in the brain.

Even with a vaccine, covids main food source is still endothelial cells. The vaccine might keep people from reaching the hospital, or are developing blood clots because the damage is so minor, it is no less there. Just because taking up smoking doesn't kill you the next day, the chronic damage is still damage.

And people out here really be wheezing and developing that "smokers hacking" from "minor" covid infection, and look like death slapped them with a large, smelly fish. They live like this and go home and live like this, and just think this is fun? Or lose their sense of smell and have that on their roster of "whoopsie doo, guess I'll enjoy bland food from now on".

And its become this weird semester tradition where my professor (or guidance counselor) goes awol for like a week and a half and no one can reach them. Then when we do reach teacher Mcprofessional, they look like death and are struggling, and say the teacher Mcprofessional, "Yep, sorry, I've had covid."

Dynamic environmental changes significantly affect trace element balance and exposure to toxic metals, influencing vascular homeostasis. The endothelium, as a key regulator of vascular tone and inflammation, is highly sensitive to fluctuations in micronutrient and heavy metal concentrations. This review summarizes current evidence on the molecular mechanisms by which essential trace elements,…

Endothelial cells, which line the inside of our blood vessels have an impact on our well being. They offer a great potential for discovering new medications. These overlooked cells control blood circulation, maintain tissue health and even influence the function of our other system. When these cells start to become faulty and it can lead to conditions such as heart disease and stroke.

So, how do Human Endothelial Cells assist researchers in developing drugs? Lets take a look:

• Developing Disease Models: Endothelial cells can be cultivated in laboratories to replicate processes. Analyzing these cells helps scientists comprehend disease progression and potential drug interventions.

• Testing Potential Drugs: These cells serve as tools for testing the safety and effectiveness of medications. By observing how the cells respond to drug candidates researchers can pinpoint treatments while avoiding harmful ones.

• Constructing Organs-on-a-chip: Scientists are crafting organ models integrated with cells on chips. These "organ-on-a-chip" systems enable accurate drug testing.

• Tailored Medication: Using stem cells from patients scientists can generate patient endothelial cells. This approach paves the way for drug treatments customized to each person's requirements.

Endothelial cells offer hope not, in drug discovery but in the fields of regenerative medicine and wound healing. Additionally, researchers are investigating their application in the treatment of disorders.

The Evolving Role of Endothelial Cells: