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The Riviera of the Citron, Calabria, Italy

Calabria’s northwestern coast is known as the Riviera of the Citron. It stretches from Sangineto, north of Paola, to Tortora, on the border with Basilicata. The name comes from the long-standing cultivation of cedro liscio Diamante, a specific local variety of citron.

The area offers a stable microclimate suited to this crop. The sea provides warmth and humidity, while the Pollino Mountains bring cooler air that tempers summer heat. Water from the inland slopes supports the plant’s needs.

Across roughly 80 kilometers, cultivation coexists with coastal landscapes and small inland towns, where the citron remains a defining presence.

The citron (Citrus medica) is a fragrant citrus with a thick rind, little pulp, and an edible, mild pith, traditionally used in candied form, including in panettone.

In Hebrew, it is called Etrog and is used during Sukkot, a Jewish autumn festival rooted in biblical ritual.

Its presence in southern Italy is generally linked to early Jewish communities active across the Mediterranean from the Hellenistic period onward (around the 3rd century BC).

Along the Riviera dei Cedri in Calabria, this connection is still visible. Each year, selected fruits are sourced here according to specific ritual criteria, within a tightly controlled cultivation.

A plant, a use, and a route that belong to a wider Mediterranean space.

The Etrog of Calabria

Leviticus 23:40 refers to the “fruit of a beautiful tree” (peri ‘etz hadar in Hebrew), mentioned alongside palm branches, leafy boughs, and willows in the ritual observance of Sukkot.

In later rabbinic tradition, this fruit is identified with the citron, or Etrog.

Its use in the festival is therefore rooted in a long-standing textual and ritual continuity.

Along the Riviera dei Cedri in Calabria, this connection is still visible. Each year, selected fruits are sourced here according to specific ritual criteria, within a tightly controlled cultivation.

The Citron Museum

The Citron Museum in Santa Maria del Cedro is housed in a historic building known as the Carcere dell’Impresa. It traces the cultivation, processing, and uses of the fruit within the local landscape.

The exhibition combines historical material with visual panels and references that situate the citron within a wider cultural context, including its role in ritual practices and its presence in literary sources.

The landscape of Santa Maria del Cedro includes a number of historical structures. In the Abatemarco area, the remains of a later Norman complex are linked to an earlier Byzantine settlement. The walls of the church of San Michele still stand beside the fragmented castle remains.

Nearby, a large aqueduct from the same period points to the long-term organization of agriculture in the area.

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