#athabaskan

Like, I was never told any of these, or any other 1s. It just feels nice, and bittersweet and such.

[Image ID: the cover of a book illustrated in monochrome brown and off white. It shows a raven cawing with its claws holding a small tree branch. Behind the tree there is a totem pole. The book is titled "The Raven and the Totem; Traditional Alaska Native Myths and Tales" the credits read "Collected and edited by John E. Smelcer" and "illustrated by Larry Vienneau and Susie Bevins"/.End ID]

The Anthropological Masterlist is HERE.

The Western United States is a North American region that constitutes the western part of the United States. Alaska and Hawaii are also considered part of the Western United States.

AHTNA ─ “The Ahtna, or Ahtena, people are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to the Copper River in southern Alaska.” ─ Ahtna Information

ALEUT ─ “The Aleuts, or Unangas, are an Inuit people. They are native to the Aleutian Islands between Russia and Alaska.” ─ Aleut Information ─ Aleut Museum ─ Aleut Language

ATHABASKAN ─ “Athabaskan, or Dene, is an Indigenous American linguistic group that share the Athabaskan language family. They are native to Alaska, north Canada, and southwest United States of America.” ─ Athabaskan Languages ─ Athabaskan Language Conference

CAHUILLA ─ “The Cahuilla, or Ivilyuqaletem, people are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to the center of southern California.” ─ Cahuilla Information ─ Cahuilla Language ─ Cahuilla Language

CROW ─ “The Crow, or Absaroka, people are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to central and south Montana.” ─ Crow Information ─ Crow Language

HOPI ─ “The Hopi are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to northeastern Arizona.” ─ Hopi Information ─ Hopi Culture and History ─ Hopi Dictionary

INUIT ─ “The Inuit are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to Greenland, Canada, and Alaska.” ─ Inuit Collections ─ Inuit Religion ─ Inuit Dictionary

KUMEYAAY ─ “The Kumeyaay, or Tipai-Ipai, people are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to southern California.” ─ Kumeyaay Culture ─ Kumeyaay Language ─ Diegueño Dialect

KWAKWAKA’WAKW ─ “The Kwakwaka’wakw, or the Kwakiutl, people are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to Vancouver Island.” ─ Kwakwaka’wakw Mythology ─ Revival of the Kwakwaka’wakw Langauge ─ The Bible in Kwakwaka’wakw

LUISEÑO ─ “The Luiseño, or Payómkawichum, people are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to the coastal area of southern California.” ─ Luiseño Culture ─ Luiseño History ─ Luiseño Language

MIWOK ─ “The Miwok, or Miwuk, people are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to northern California.” ─ Miwok Mythology ─ Miwok History ─ Miwok Dictionary

NAVAJO ─ “The Navajo, or Diné, people are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to the southwestern United States of America.” ─ Navajo Culture ─ Navajo Mythology ─ Navajo Language

O’ODHAM ─ “The O’odham people are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to the Sonoran Desert in Arizona.” ─ O’odham Dictionary

PAIUTE ─ “The Northern Paiute people are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to the Great Basin in the United States of America.” ─ Paiute Culture ─ Paiute Culture ─ Paiute History

PUEBLO ─ “The Pueblo, or Puebloan, people are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to New Mexico and Arizona.” ─ Isleta Pueblo Information

SHOSHONE ─ “The Shoshone, or Shoshoni, people are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to Wyoming, Idaho, and Nevada.” ─ Shoshone Information ─ Shoshoni Language Project

SNOHOMISH ─ “The Snohomish people are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to the Puget Sound area of Washington.” ─ Snohomish Culture and History

TEWA ─ “The Tewa are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to the Rio Grande, New Mexico.” ─ The Ethnogeography of the Tewa Indian

WINTUN ─ “The Wintun people are an Indigenous North American people. They are native to North California.” ─ Wintu Language

What Land Back really means: Undoing This

November is national Native American Heritage Month!

The indigenous people of the US and Canada lived in large groups, and those groups were connected with each other.

Many groups, like the contemporary nations of Europe, engaged in cycles of warfare and alliances. However, the warfare was generally less bloody, as they would fight until beaten, not 'to the last man', and the political leaders were more involved in the fighting than were European kings and emperors.

Treaties and alliances were common as well. The most famous example is the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederacy), an alliance of five (later six) tribes in the Northeastern Woodlands. The unique political system there set the stage for, and was an important inspiration to, American democracy after 1776.

Trade spanned the continent for thousands of years. The Mississippi River was an important tradeway, and materials and goods moved thousands of miles along it. Civilizations would commonly have both materials from the Gulf of Mexico and copper from around the Great Lakes. When Europeans landed in what is now Massachusetts and were taught to coplant the Three Sisters, those three crops (maize, beans, squash) were all originally Mexican plants.

We also know that inter-tribal adoptions took place, as well as marriages.

The map of language families also elaborates the unique relations between tribes that existed far away from each other. The Athabaskan languages (a subgroup contained within the Na-Dené linguistic family) occur in Alaska and northwest Canada, a few spots on the Pacific Coast, and in a large cluster in what is now New Mexico and Texas.

Nonconcatenative morphology

Nonconcatenative morphology, also called discontinuous morphology and introflection, is a form of word formation in which the root is modified and which does not involve stringing morphemes together sequentially.

It may involve apophony (ablaut), transfixation (vowel templates inserted into consonantal roots), reduplication, tone/stress changes, or truncation. 

It is very developed in Semitic, Berber, and Chadic branches of Afro-Asiatic. It also occurs extensively among other language families: Nilo-Saharan, Northeast Caucasian, Na-Dene, Salishan and the isolate Seri (in Mexico).