Iâm sorry, this isnât Jojo at all but I think Iâve had it for today. As a pharmacy tech, Iâm tired of hearing âWell, I started to feel better so I didnât finish them.â I always knew this but now as a Molecular and Cellular Biology major, I not only know why but how. If youâre willing to heed my advice from the title, good; be on your way. If you need to know more, keep reading.
Itâs widely knownâto some extentâthat not completing a regiment of antibiotics can result in resistant bacteria, or even super bacteria.
But in an infection, you already have resistant bacteria lurking. Not taking antibiotics doesnât literally create resistant bacteria. So how, then, do the antibiotics take care of the resistant ones?
A lot of antibiotics arenât bacterialcidal: They donât actually kill them. Many inhibit growth by some mechanism depending if the bacterium is gram negative or gram positive. For example, penicillin inhibits growth by disrupting the formation of a peptidoglycan layer on gram positive bacteria. Others target the LPS layer on gram negative ones. This keeps the non resistant bacteria at bay. So what kills the resistant ones? Your immune system. Antibiotics buy time and energy for your immune system to recognize and destroy the resistant strains. Your immune system is intelligent in that sense and can form antibodies for new illnesses. Itâs important to give your immune system this time because bacteria grow, mutate, and transfer genetic material at astonishing rates. If you wanted to look at a microcosm of the mechanics that go into evolution, youâve got it with bacteria.Â
There are three methods aside from binary fission in which they transfer genes (I wonât get into the minutia of the form of informational material): Transformation, transduction and conjugation.
In transformation, a bacterium can pickup lost genes from a ruptured and dead cell.
Transduction is a way to transfer information via a viral vector.
In conjugation, genes are transferred through something called a pilus: Itâs a bridge between two cells that pipes a copy of the information from one cell to another receptive cell and is the only method that doesnât involve killing either cells. Resistant bacteria like to give around that resistance information like theyâre burning a CD for their friends.
So please finish your antibiotics if youâve been given them. It doesnât matter if youâve started to feel better or even great. Finish them.
(Hey science people, If Iâve missed anything or even got something wrong, help me out. Thereâs obviously lengthy stuff Iâve left out but I think I got the basics).