Occupational exposure to crystalline silica also causes diseases such as kidney disease, immune system problems, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, silicosis and lung cancer .
In conclusion, the average exposure to crystalline silica in carvers was higher than the permissible limit. Some workers were at risk of acquiring cancer and the majority of them were at an unacceptable non-cancerous risk. Therefore, it is necessary to implement engineering control measures and appropriate respiratory protection programs.
One of the most important ways of control is raising the awareness of workers and monitoring their work.
Silica is the most abundant substance on the Earthâs crust and is a proven carcinogen. The aim of this study was to measure the occupational













