The titles of the Gospel of Thomas and the Book of Thomas the Contender (attributed to Jesus' "twin brother") may suggest that "you, the reader, are Jesus' twin brother." Whoever comes to understand these books discovers, like Thomas, that Jesus is his "twin," his spiritual "other self." Jesus' words to Thomas, then, are addressed to the reader:
"Since it has been said that you are my twin and true companion, examine yourself so that you may understand who you are ... I am the knowledge of the truth. So while you accompany me, although you do not understand (it), you already have come to know, and you will be called 'the one who knows himself.' For whoever has not known himself has known nothing, but whoever has known himself has simultaneously achieved knowledge about the depth of all things.”
Like circles of artists today, gnostics considered original creative invention to be the mark of anyone who becomes spiritually alive. Each one, like students of a painter or writer, expected to express his own perceptions by revising and transforming what he was taught. Whoever merely repeated his teacher's words was considered immature. Bishop Irenaeus complains that
every one of them generates something new every day, according to his ability; for no one is considered initiated [or: "mature"] among them unless he develops some enormous fictions!
He charges that "they boast that they are the discoverers and inventors of this kind of imaginary fiction," and accuses them of creating new forms of mythological poetry. No doubt he is right: first- and second-century gnostic literature includes some remarkable poems, like the "Round Dance of the Cross" and the "Thunder, Perfect Mind." Most offensive, from his point of view, is that they admit that nothing supports their writings except their own intuition. When challenged, "they either mention mere human feelings, or else refer to the harmony that can be seen in creation":
They are to be blamed for ... describing human feelings, and passions, and mental tendencies... and ascribing the things that happen to human beings, and whatever they recognize themselves as experiencing, to the divine Word.
On this basis, like artists, they express their own insight-their own gnosis-by creating new myths, poems, rituals, "dialogues with Christ, revelations, and accounts of their visions.
Like Baptists, Quakers, and many others, the gnostic is convinced that whoever receives the spirit communicates directly with the divine. One of Valentinus' students, the gnostic teacher Heracleon (c. 160), says that "at first, people believe because of the testimony of others..." but then "they come to believe from the truth itself." So his own teacher, Valentinus, claimed to have first learned Paul's secret teaching; then he experienced a vision which became the source of his own gnosis:
He saw a newborn infant, and when he asked who he might be, the child answered, "I am the Logos."
Marcus, another student of Valentinus' (c. 150), who went on to become a teacher himself, tells how he came to his own firsthand knowledge of the truth. He says that a vision
descended upon him ... in the form of a woman ... and expounded to him alone its own nature, and the origin of things, which it had never revealed to anyone, divine or human.
The presence then said to him,
"I wish to show you Truth herself; for I have brought her down from above, so that you may see her without a veil, and understand her beauty."
And that, Marcus adds, is how "the naked Truth" came to him in a woman's form, disclosing her secrets to him. Marcus expects, in turn, that everyone whom he initiates into gnosis will also receive such experiences. In the initiation ritual, after invoking the spirit, he commands the candidate to speak in prophecy, to demonstrate that the person has received direct contact with the divine.
- Elaine Pagels, The Gnostic Gospels