Sharks: Not Vicious, Just Mouthy and Inquisitive
In lieu of all of the sensationalist shark media occurring out there this summer, letās talk about shark behavior and, in specific, shark attacks and white shark.
Some basic white shark facts (and yes, Carcharodon carcharias is often also officially called the great white, but that just exacerbates all the media attention, so white shark it is). Whites are huge pelagic (open water) sharks that get on average 4-5 meters long, and their only known predator as an adult are orcas. Theyāre one of the longest lived cartilaginous fish known with a lifespan that appears to extend into their 70ā²s. They have hella tons of teeth and lots of rows of them, so that when one pops out the next just pops into place as if on a conveyor belt. A white sharkās bite force is something like 4000 pounds per square inch from a six-foot-long animal. (Thanks to wiki for all the basic facts).Ā
Have a white shark anatomical drawing from wiki, because while itās nightmare-inducing, itās the only thing about sharks that should be.Ā
People love to talk about sharks as these horrible monsters of the deep, eating everything they come across with gruesome abandon. This is justĀ āperfectā for summer, when sharks start showing up on beaches in the US and scaring the bejeezus out of basically everyone.Ā
Luckily, those people are making things up. Youāre more likely to die because you shook a vending machine and it fell on top of you than you are to get bitten (note: not attacked) by a white shark. Thereās a couple things youāre got to know about how sharks function to understand why worrying about getting nommed on by one at the beach is pretty silly.Ā
To start, theyāre not man-eaters. Sharks donāt even know what a human is.Ā Weāre not aquatic organisms and theyāve probably only rarely encountered humans before, so thereās no reason to assume theyāre going to be likeĀ āomg tasty hoomanā and charge over for a snack We donāt fit into what sharks consider prey, so theyāre not going to prey on us intentionally.Ā
However, they do prey on seals. Tasty, blubbery, freaking-stupidly-clever-and-fast seals. And a human on a surfboard (which is when almost all shark encounters happen that result in injury) happens to look mightily like a seal if all you can see is a silhouette. More importantly, itās a slow, stationary seal, which implies an easy meal. Most of the time, sharksĀ āattackā surfers thinking theyāre seals. And guess what? Humans do not have all that tasty, energy-loaded blubber that seals do. Weāre pretty bony and weāre on these weird plastic things that have got to taste nasty as hell. Most sharkĀ āattacksā last for one bite, because the shark pretty quickly realizes that weāre not the pinniped it thought we were, and those bones arenāt worth the effort, and it leaves. Not great for the surfer who is now missing lots of bits, but hey, the shark isnāt purposefully being an asshole. It was a case of mistaken identity!
But there are lots of encounters where people donāt get hurt, right? They just get the shit scared out of them when a shark starts face-punching their arm, and panic, and call the media, and suddenly itās an attack again. This is actually because most of a sharkās sensory organs are on itās face.Ā
All those red dots are organs called the ampullae of lorenzini, and they sense electrical stimulus. Theyāre the organs that all cartilaginous fish use to locate food - when you see a ray sweeping itās rostrum across the sand, itās using itās ampullae to search for buried critters. So if a shark is curious about something, say, a human, the first response is to nose it to get more information. Thatās not aggression, itās curiosity. Then, unfortunately, if it still wants more information, itāll go and take a nibble - because, if you look above, there are more dots right around the mouth than anywhere else. Sharks are basically the really sharp aquatic equivalent of that annoying baby who has to put everythingĀ in itās mouth.Ā
Because humanity is collectively terrified of anything that has more naturally provided pointy bits than we do, everything has to demonize sharks, and that ends really badly. Everything gets interpreted as aggression. This, for instance, is a video in which a shark attempts to figure out what a pontoon boat is and gets stuck in the float. The people watching it of course put JAWS music on and captioned it as an attack, but thatās just a stressed shark goingĀ āwtf is this weird thing and why wonāt it give me my teeth backā.Ā
Itās shark season, but that doesnāt mean theyāre out to eat us. Weāre a bony, problematic food that likes to play mean tricks by pretending to be seals. If you donāt want to get attacked by a shark? Be careful about being in the water, and donāt surf at sunset or sunrise. If you see a shark being inquisitive, just bop it. Theyāre not used to any sort of physical contact from something that isnāt either food, a predator, or a mate, so theyāll generally just leave immediately.
Tl;dr, sharks are mouthy babies who arenāt good at differentiating humans from seals, and we certainly donāt help them any.