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In French, "coup" translates to "blow" or "strike," and "contrecoup" means "repercussion" or "counterblow." In the medical context, "contrecoup" specifically refers to the rebound effect of the brain hitting the opposite side of the skull after an initial impact. The terms are often used together to describe the mechanism of injury in traumatic brain cases.

Primary injuries occur at the moment of trauma. Secondary injuries develop over time due to ongoing processes like inflammation or reduced blood flow. Focal injuries are localized to a specific area of the brain. Diffuse injuries are more widespread.

The brain stem is at the bottom of the brain and connected to the spinal cord, its role is to send messages from the brain to the rest of the body.

In the yellow area is the temporal lobe, it has a number of roles. It has a role in memory formation as well as housing the region of cortex known as the auditory cortex. Information from our ears gets interpreted in this area of the brain. The temporal lobe also has a role in emotion and language.

The ridges and grooves on the top of the brain are sulci and gyri and they allow more brain in a smaller region. Basically, they increase the brains surface area, allowing more neurons to be packed into a smaller space.

Sagittal view of the human head and everything inside. The primary protective layer of the brain is the skull which is on average 6-7 millimeters thick, or a quarter of an inch thick. Another protective structure of the brain is called the meninges, they are three different layers of membranes completely surrounding the brain. They are beneath the bone and above the brain.