English Folk/Traditional Names for Common Plants & Herbs
These are known now as folk names, but back in the medieval era and well into the 18th century, these were the common names for some of the herbs and plants in use in witchcraft (and generally!) today.
This list is not an exhaustive one; the names given here are just some of the names that were used primarily in England for common plants within the region.These plants have other unique and wonderful names in many other cultures and languages throughout the world.Â
â§ ADDERâS TONGUE (Ophioglossum Vulgatum) A.K.A.:Â English Adderâs Tongue, Snakeâs Tongue, Viperâs Tongue, Serpentâs Tongue, Adderâs Spear, Christâs Spear.
â§ AGRIMONY (Agrimonia Eupatoria) A.K.A.: Harvest Lice, Catâs Tail, Liverwort, Sticklewort, Stickwort, Stickweed, Fairyâs Wand, Church Steeples, Aaronâs Rod, Beggarâs Lice/Ticks.
â§ ALDER (Alnus Glutinosa) A.K.A.: Black Alder, Fever Bush, Owler.
â§ ANGELICA (Angelica Archangelica) A.K.A.: Holy Ghost/Root of the Holy Ghost, St. Michaelâs flower, Angelâs Food.
â§ ANISE (Pimpinella Anisum) A.K.A.: Sweet Alice, Aniseed.
â§ APPLE (Malus) A.K.A.: Fruit of the Gods, Fruit of the Underworld, Silver Branch, Silver Bough.
â§ ASH (Fraxinus Excelsior) A.K.A.: Birdâs Tongue, Hampshire Weed, Widow-maker, Venus of the Woods, Husbandmanâs tree.
â§ BALSAM (Commiphora Opolbalsamum) A.K.A.: Balsam of Gilead, Balm Tree, Mecca Myrrh.
â§ BASIL (Oscimum Basilicum) A.K.A.: Our Herb, St. Josephâs Wort, Witchesâ Herb, King of Herbs, Holy Basil.Â
â§ BAY (Laurus Nobilis) A.K.A.: Bay Laurel, True Laurel, Daphne, Noble Laurel.
â§ BERGAMOT (Monarda Didyma) A.K.A.: Horsebalm, Bee Balm, Scarlet Mondara.
â§ BIRCH (Betula Pendula) A.K.A.: Silver Birch, White Birch, Lady of the Woods.
â§ BITTERSWEET (Solanum Dulcamara) A.K.A.: Woody Nightshade, Felon-wort, Felonwood, Blue Nightshade, Fever Twig, Staff Vine, Violet Bloom.
â§ BLACKBERRY (Rubus Fruticosus) A.K.A.: Bramble, Fingerberry, Blackhide, Blackbutter, Thimbleberrym Brambleberry, Gouthead.
â§ BLUEBELL (Hyacinthoides Non Scrupta) A.K.A.: Nodding Squill, Auld Manâs Bell, Ring-o-bells, Wood Bells.
â§ BROOM (Cytisus Scoparius) A.K.A.: Besom, Irish Tops, Scotch Broom, Butcherâs Broom, Sweet Broom.
â§ BURDOCK (Arctium Lappa) A.K.A.: Thorny Burr, Beggarâs Buttons, Sticky Bobs, Love Leaves, Hare Burr.
â§ CARNATION (Dianthus Caryophyllus) A.K.A.: Gilliflower, July Flower, Clove Pink, Sops-in-wine.
â§ CHAMOMILE (Anthemis Nobilis) A.K.A.: Whig Plant, Chamomel, Earth/Ground Apple,Â
â§ CHESTNUT [SWEET] (Castanea Sativa) A.K.A.: Marion, Jupiterâs Nut.
â§ CHICKWEED (Stellaria Media) A.K.A.: Starweed, Adderâs Mouth, Scarweed/wort, Tongue Grass, Stitchwort, White Birdâs Eye, Little Star Lady.
â§ CHICORY (Cichorium Intybus) A.K.A.: Witloof, Blue Sailors, Coffeeweed.
â§ CLARY [WILD] (Salvia Verbenaca) A.K.A.: Christâs Eye, Wild Clear-eye, Vervain Sage, Eyeseed.
â§ CLEAVERS (Galium Aparine) A.K.A.: Catchweed, Beggar Lice, Goose Grass, Sticky Willy, Bedstraw, Robin-run-the-hedge, Gooseâs Hair, Hedge-burrs, Milk Sweet, Stick-a-back, Scratchweed, Barweed.
â§ COMFREY (Symphytum Officinale) A.K.A.: Knitbone, Slippery Root, Blackwort, Bruisewort, Ass Ear.
â§ DAISY (Bellis Perennis) A.K.A.: Dayâs Eye, Poetâs Darling, Bachelorâs Buttons, Bairnwort, Billy Buttons, Boneflower, Margaretâs Herb.
â§ DANDELION (Taraxacum Officinale) A.K.A.: Swineâs Snout, Blowball, Puffball, Clockflower, Tell-the-time, Priestâs Crown, Lionâs Tooth.
â§ DEADLY NIGHTSHADE (Atropa Belladonna) A.K.A.: Belladonna, Banewort, Black-cherry, Devilâs Cherries, Naughty Manâs Cherries, Devilâs Herb.
â§ FEVERFEW (Tanacetum Parthenium) A.K.A.: Featherfew, Featherfoil, Midsummer Daisy, Nosebleed.
â§ FOXGLOVE (Digitalis Purpurea) A.K.A.: Fairy Gloves/Fingers/Petticoats/Thimbles/Weed, Witchesâ Glove, Witchesâ Bells, Our Ladyâs Glove, Dead Menâs Bells.
â§ GARLIC (Allium Sativum) A.K.A.: Poor Manâs Treacle, Stinkweed, Camphor of the Gods.
â§ GOLDENROD (Solidago Vibgaurea) A.K.A.: Aaronâs Rod, Cast the Spear.
â§ HAWTHORN (Crataegus Monogyna) A.K.A.: May Blossom, Mayflower, Whitethorn, Hagthorn, Ladiesâ Meat.
â§ HELLEBORE [BLACK] (Helleborus Niger) A.K.A.: Bearâs Foot, Setter-wort/grass.
â§ HEMLOCK (Conium Maculatum) A.K.A.: Poison Hemlock, Devilâs Porridge.
â§ HENBANE (Hysoscyamus Niger) A.K.A.: Hog Bean, Stinking Nightshade, Henbell, Devilâs Eye, Witchesâ Herb, Devilâs Tobacco.
â§ HOLLY (Ibex Auifolium) A.K.A.: Batâs Wings, Holy Tree, Christâs Thorn.
â§ HONEYSUCKLE (Lonicera Periclymenum) A.K.A.: Woodbind, Fairy Trumpets, Sweet Suckle, Honeybind.
â§ HOREHOUND [BLACK] (Ballota Nigra) A.K.A.: Madwort, Black Hoarhound, Black Archangel.
â§ HOREHOUND [WHITE] (Marrubium Vulgare) A.K.A.: Bullâs Blood, White Archangel, Eye of the Star, Houndbane, Devilâs Eye.
â§ IVY (Hedera Helix) A.K.A.: Gort, Bindwood, Lovestone.Â
â§ JUNIPER (Juniperus Communis) A.K.A.: Bastard Killer, Gin Berry.
â§ LADYâS MANTLE (Alchemilla Vulgaris) A.K.A.: Our Ladyâs Mantle, Lionâs Foot, Bearâs Foot, Nine Hooks.
â§ LAVENDER (Lavendula Angustifolia) A.K.A.: Elf Leaf, Spikenard, True Lavender.
â§ LEMON BALM (Melissa Officinalis) A.K.A.: Sweet Melissa, Bee Balm, Sweet Balm.
â§ LEMON VERBENA (Aloysia Triphylla) A.K.A.: Lemon Louisa, Lemon Beebrush.
â§ LILY OF THE VALLEY (Convallaria Majalis) A.K.A.: May Lily, Our Ladyâs Tears, Maryâs Tears, Ladder to Heaven.
â§ MALLOW (Malva Sylvestris) A.K.A.: Cheese-cake, Pick-cheese, Round Dock, Wild Mallow, Wood Mallow.
â§ MANDRAKE (Mandragora Officinarum) A.K.A.: Satanâs Apple, Love Plant, Mandragora.
â§ MARIGOLD (Calendula Officinalis) A.K.A.: Bride of the Sun, Drunkard, Husbandmanâs Dial, Mary Gold, Summerâs Bride.
â§ MARJORAM (Origanum Majorana) A.K.A.: Wintersweet, Joy of the Mountain, Mountain Mint.
â§ MEADOWSWEET (Filipendula Ulmaria) A.K.A.: Bridewort, Queen of the Meadows, Little Queen, Quaker Lady, Mead Sweet, Gravel Root.
â§ MINT [PEPPERMINT] (Mentha Piperita) A.K.A.: Brandy Mint, English Mint.
â§ MINT [SPEARMINT] (Mentha Spicata) A.K.A.: Garden Mint, Hart Mint, Our Ladyâs Mint, Sage of Bethlehem.
â§ MISTLETOE (Viscum Coloratum) A.K.A.: Druidâs Herb, Witchesâ Broom, Wood of the Cross, Golden Bough, Devilâs Fuge.
â§ MONKSHOOD (Aconitum Napellus) A.K.A.: Monkâs Blood, Blue Wolfâs-bane, Aconite, Womenâs Bane, Devilâs Helmet, Friarâs Cap.
â§ MUGWORT (Artemisia Vulgaris) A.K.A.: Lionâs Tail, Lionâs Tart, Heart-wort.
â§ MULLEIN (Verbascum Thapsus) A.K.A.: Blanket/Velvet/Woolly Mullein, Our Ladyâs Blanket, Beggarâs Blanket, Aaronâs Rod, Adamâs Rod, Jupiterâs Staff, Jacobâs Staff, Peterâs Staff, Virgin Maryâs Candle, Ladyâs Foxglove, Graveyard Dust.
â§ NETTLE (Urtica Dioica) A.K.A.: Stinging Nettle, Burn Weed, Burn Hazel.
â§ PARLSEY (Petroselinum Crispum) A.K.A.: Devilâs Oatmeal, Persil.
â§ PENNYROYAL (Mentha Legium) A.K.A.: Royal Thyme, Run-by-the-ground, Lurk-in-the-ditch, Pudding Grass.
â§ ROSEMARY (Rosemarinus Officinalis) A.K.A.: Dew of the Sea, Sea Dew, Elf Leaf, Guardrobe, Rose of Mary.
â§ RUE (Ruta Graveolens) A.K.A.: Herb of Grace, Herb of Repentance, Mother of Herbs.
â§ [CLARY] SAGE (Salvia Sclarea) A.K.A.: Clear-Eye, See-bright, Eyebright.
â§ ST. JOHNâS WORT (Hypericum Perforatum) A.K.A.: Scare-devil, Balm of the Warriorâs Wound, Rose of Sharon.
â§ SORREL (Rumex Acetose) A.K.A.: Green Sauce, Sour Sauce, Cuckoo Sorrow.
â§ SWEET WOODRUFF (Galium Odoratum) A.K.A.: Wild Babyâs Breath, Master of the Woods, Ladies in the Hay.
â§ TANSY (Tanacetum Vuulgare) A.K.A.: Bitter Buttons, Golden Buttons, Cow Bitter.
â§ TARRAGON (Artemisia Dracunculus) A.K.A.: Dragonâs Wort, Little Dragon.
â§ THISTLE [BLESSED] (Cnicus Benedictus) A.K.A.: Holy Thistle.
â§ THISTLE [MILK] (Silybum Marianum) A.K.A.: Our Ladyâs Thistle, Saint Maryâs Thistle, Sow Thistle, Marian Thistle.
â§ VALERIAN (Valeriana Officinalis) A.K.A.: Garden Heliotrope, St. Georgeâs Herb, Bloody Butcher, Catâs Valerian, Vandal Root.
â§ VERVAIN (Verbena Officinalis) A.K.A.: Herb of Grace, Enchanterâs Herb, Britannica, Junoâs Tears, Divine Wood, Pigeongrass,Â
â§ WITCH HAZEL (Hamamelis Virginiana) A.K.A.: Spotted Alder, Winterbloom, Snapping Hazelnut.
â§ WORMWOOD (Artemisia Absinthium) A.K.A.: Absinthe, Crown for a King, Green Ginger.
â§ YARROW (Achillea Millefolium) A.K.A.: Woundwort, Nose-Bleed, Thousand-Leaf, Arrowroot, Carpenterâs Weed, Devilâs Plaything, Devilâs Nettle,Â
Sources, References and Cross-Checks: Brevertonâs Complete Herbal (Terry Breverton), Encyclopedia of Magical Herbs (Scott Cunningham), Medieval Plant Names and Their Modern Corollaries (The Met Cloister).
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