procrastinate harder!!

To whoever needs to hear it: it does not have to be perfect. It does not have to be world altering. It just needs to be done. And I'll sit with you while you do The Thing.

Cyrillic

The Cyrillic script is named after Saint Cyril, a missionary from Byzantium who, along with his brother, Saint Methodius, created the Glagolitic script. Modern Cyrillic alphabets developed from the Early Cyrillic script, which was developed during the 9th century in the First Bulgarian Empire by a decree of Boris I of Bulgaria. It is thought that St. Kliment of Ohrid, a disciple of Cyril and Methodius, was responsible for the script. The Early Cyrillic script was based on the Greek uncial script with ligatures and extra letters from the Glagolitic and Old Church Slavonic scripts for sounds not used in Greek.

Notable features

Type of writing system: alphabet

Direction of writing: left to right in horizontal lines

Number of letters: 49 + 12 non-Slavic Cyrillic letters (not all of them are used in every language that uses this alphabet)

Used to write: Abaza, Abkhaz, Adyghe, Aghul, Akhvakh, Altay, Alyutor, Andi, Archi, Assyrian, Avar, Azeri, Bagvalal, Balkar, Bashkir, Belarusian, Bezhta, Botlikh, Budukh, Bulgarian, Buryat, Chamalal, Chechen, Chelkan, Chukchi, Chuvash, Crimean Tatar, Dargwa, Dolgan, Dungan, Enets, Erzya, Even, Evenki, Gagauz, Godoberi, Hinukh, Hunzib, Ingush, Interslavic, Itelmen, Juhuri, Kabardian, Kalmyk, Karaim, Karakalpak, Karata, Kazakh, Ket, Khakas, Khanty, Khinalug, Khwarshi, Kildin Sámi, Komi, Koryak, Krymchak, Kryts, Kubachi, Kumyk, Kurdish, Kyrgyz, Lak, Lezgi, Lingua Franca Nova, Macedonian, Mansi, Mari, Moksha, Moldovan, Mongolian, Montenegrin, Nanai, Nenets, Nganasan, Nivkh, Nogai, Old Church Slavonic, Oroch, Orok, Ossetian, Pontic Greek, Russian, Ruthenian, Rutul, Selkup, Serbian, Shor, Shughni, Slovio, Soyot, Tabassaran, Tajik, Talysh, Tat, Tatar, Tindi, Tofa, Tsakhur, Tsez, Turkmen, Tuvan, Ubykh, Udege, Udi, Udmurt, Ukrainian, Ulch, Urum, Uyghur, Uzbek, Votic, Wakhi, West Polesian, Yaghnobi, Yakut, Yazghulami, Yukaghir, and Yupik (Central Siberian)

Capital and lowercase letters were not distinguished in old manuscripts.

Yeri (Ы) was originally a ligature of Yer and I (Ъ + I = Ы).

Iotation was indicated by ligatures formed with the letter I: Ꙗ (not ancestor of modern Ya, Я, which is derived from Ѧ), Ѥ, Ю (ligature of I and ОУ), Ѩ, Ѭ.

Many letters had variant forms and commonly used ligatures, for example И = І = Ї, Ѡ = Ѻ, ѠТ = Ѿ.

Modern Cyrillic script

 Most people, when they think of dark academia is books (that’s the whole point) and ancient languages such as Latin or Ancient Greek. I’m here to tell you that you all are SLEEPING on brown culture. Love that is conveyed in the languages of Persian and Urdu (my native language) crosses borders. Sure, Shakespeare and Sappho wrote great pieces of literature but the stories and poems of Rumi, Manto, Hafez and Iqbal have a special place in my heart. 

Some of my favourites are:- (all are translated)

Sit at my grave with wine and a minstrel in a trance, so your smell will raise me from the dead.

HAFEZ

My lover’s sadness lit a fire in my heart that burned my chest, there was a fire in his house that burned the nest.

HAFEZ

O the day turned night, what a shame, a gazelle of kindness a lion became, my partner and lover grew tired of my words and prayers too.

RUMI

These are my personal favourites. I can always make a longer post if you all want.

Female poets deserve a whole other post.

They asked people around Germany „Which dialect do you like the most?“

The result:

1. 29% Moin = North German / Coastal greeting

2. 27% Grüß Gott = South German / Bavarian greeting

3. 13% Tach = Greeting around Köln / Cologne / Northwestern Germany

4. 11% Tach Och = Greeting used in Berlin and surrounding areas, Eastern Germany

5. 8% Daach = Greeting used in the state of Sachsen (Saxony), Eastern Germany

this brand of chips, Lay’s, displays the flavor in spanish and portuguese, resulting in ham-flavored chips looking like this:

with “jamón” being spanish and “presunto” being portuguese

however, “presunto” is also a spanish adjective, meaning “presumed” (or suspected)

Here is a masterpost of MOOCs (massive open online courses) that are available, archived, or starting soon. I think they will help those that like to learn with a teacher or with videos.  You can always check the audit course or no certificate option so that you can learn for free.

American Sign Language

ASL University

Sign Language Structure, Learning, and Change

Arabic

Arabic for Global Exchange (in the drop-down menu)

Intro to Arabic

Madinah Arabic

Moroccan Arabic

Arabe (taught in French)

Catalan

Intro to Catalan Language & Society

Intro to Catalan Sign Language

Chinese

Beginner

Basic Chinese I. II, III, IV , V

Basic Mandarin Chinese I & II

Beginner’s Chinese

Chinese for Beginners

Chinese Characters

Chinese for HSK 1

Chinese for HSK 2

Chinese for HSK 3 I & II

HSK Level 1

Mandarin Chinese

Mandarin Chinese for Business

More Chinese for Beginners

Start Talking Mandarin Chinese

UT Gateway to Chinese

Chino Básico (Taught in Spanish)

Intermediate

Chinese Stories

Intermediate Business Chinese

Intermediate Chinese Grammar

Dutch

Introduction to Dutch

English

Online Courses here

Resources Here

Faroese

Faroese Course

Finnish

A Taste of Finnish

Basic Finnish

Finnish for Immigrants

Finnish for Medical Professionals

French

Beginner

AP French Language and Culture

Basic French Skills

Beginner’s French: Food & Drink

Diploma in French

Elementary French I & II

Français Interactif

French in Action

French Language Studies I, II, III

French: Ouverture

Intermediate & Advanced

French: Le Quatorze Juillet

Passe Partout 

La Cité des Sciences et de Industrie

Vivre en France - A2

Vivre en France - B1

Frisian

Introduction to Frisian (Taught in English)

Introduction to Frisian (Taught in Dutch)

German

Beginner

Beginner’s German: Food & Drink

Conversational German I, II, III, IV

Deutsch im Blick

Diploma in German

German at Work

Rundblick-Beginner’s German

Intermediate

German: Regionen Traditionen und Geschichte

Landschaftliche Vielfalt

Gwich’in

Introduction to Gwich’in Language

Hebrew

Biblical Hebrew

Know the Hebrew Alphabet

Teach Me Hebrew

Hindi

A Door into Hindi

Business Hindi

Virtual Hindi

Icelandic

Icelandic 1-5

Indonesian

Learn Indonesian

Irish

Introduction to Irish

Irish 101

Irish 102

Italian

Beginner

Beginner’s Italian: Food & Drink

Beginner’s Italian I

Introduction to Italian

Italian for Beginners 1 , 2, 3 , 4 , 5, 6 

Intermediate & Advanced

AP Italian Language and Culture

Intermediate Italian I

Advanced Italian I

Letteratura italiana

Japanese

Genki

Japanese JOSHU

Japanese Pronunciation

Sing and Learn Japanese

Tufs JpLang

Kazakh

A1-B2 Kazakh (Taught in Russian)

Korean

Beginner

First Step Korean

How to Study Korean

Introduction to Korean

Learn to Speak Korean

Pathway to Spoken Korean

Intermediate

Intermediate Korean

Nepali

Beginner’s Conversation and Grammar

Norwegian

Introduction to Norwegian

Norwegian on the Web

Portuguese

Curso de Português para Estrangeiros 

Pluralidades em Português Brasileiro

Russian

Beginner

Easy Accelerated Learning for Russian

Advanced

Reading Master and Margarita

Russian as an Instrument of Communication

Siberia: Russian for Foreigners

Spanish

Beginner

AP Spanish Language & Culture

Basic Spanish for English Speakers

Beginner’s Spanish: Food & Drink

Introduction to Spanish

Restaurants and Dining Out

Spanish for Beginners 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Spanish Vocabulary

Intermediate

Spanish: Ciudades con Historia

Spanish: Espacios Públicos

Advanced

Corrección, Estilo y Variaciones 

Leer a Macondo

Spanish:Con Mis Propias Manos

Spanish: Perspectivas Porteñas

Swedish

Intro to Swedish

Swedish Made Easy 1, 2, & 3

Ukrainian

Read Ukrainian

Ukrainian Language for Beginners

Welsh

Beginner’s Welsh

Discovering Wales

Multiple Languages

Ancient Languages

More Language Learning Resources & Websites!

The scholar: neat notes, can recite the conjugation to irregular verbs, listens to podcasts, thought about annotating their dictionary, maybe did, knows synonyms for every word, random linguistics facts.

The traveler: "best way to learn a language? Visit the country!", too many journals, makes friends everywhere, can recite swear words and slang, if Facebook had a max friend limit they'd hit it, broad vocabulary.

The Hoarder™: has duolingo memrise rosetta busuu and babbel, reblogs every single vocabulary list, started Korean today and tomorrow they'll start Norwegian, do you want a book in x language? they have it, "I found this cool YouTube channel about Persian!" They don't speak Persian.

Your Friendly Neighbor: shares links to resources, helps you understand their native language, willing to start a new language with you, points out your mistakes because that's how kind they are, will lend you their notes, makes vocabulary lists.

Passive learner: doesn't use a text book, movies are the true teachers, knows the lyrics to Disney songs in their target language, "I just downloaded a whole album of German rock", knows the word for juxtaposition but forgets how to say dog

Lots of people are going back to school around now, and so it’s a good time for us to put together an easy resource post: highlights from our different video series, separated by subfield.

So, without further ado, here’s the highlight list of our first two years by topic!

Phonetics:

The International Phonetic Alphabet, and why we need it

Places and manners of articulation for consonants

Non-pulmonic consonants: ejectives, implosives, and clicks

Vowels and vowel production

The acoustics of vowels

The acoustics of stops and fricatives

Phonology:

What are phonemes?

What are allophones?

The structure of syllables

Phonological stress and feet

Morphology:

What is a morpheme?

Roots and affixes: prefixes, suffixes, infixes

Allomorphy

Morphological typology and word building

Derivational and inflectional morphology

Syntax:

X’ Theory and the basics of building syntactic trees

Syntactic movement and the traces it leaves behind

Theta roles and the Theta Criterion

Binding Theory and Principles A, B, and C

Syntactic islands and movement restrictions

Semantics and pragmatics:

Sentential logic and language

Predicate logic and quantifiers

Set theory and adjectives

The Gricean conversational maxims

Implicatures, entailments, and presuppositions

Relevance Theory

Acquisition:

Universal Grammar, and some reasons to believe in it

Bilingualism, and how kids don’t have problems with it

Linguistic transfer in second language acquisition

The wug test

Word learning strategies in children

Why negative evidence doesn’t help kids learn

Psycholinguistics:

Where language is found in the brain

Neurolinguistic processing and event-related brain potentials

Aphasia and language loss

Priming and links between concepts

Sentence parsing and garden paths