#staff interviews

Tachikawa: I think it was due to Death Billiards, the previous work we produced for Anime Mirai 2013. Without this work, I think it would have been difficult to get this project through with just a typical proposal. The fact that we had a complete film was an advantage. It was important to have a clear image of the finished film for the people who gave the go-ahead for the project, as well as the production committee.

— The title has changed from Death Billiards to Death Parade. What was the reason behind this change?

Tachikawa: The provisional title during the planning stage was actually Quindecim. However, the word "death" leaves an impact, doesn't it? Even with Death Billiards, people found amusement in the absurdity of combining two words which wouldn't normally go together. So, this time, I went with "Parade." Originally, Death Parade was the subtitle for each episode, but it was elevated to becoming the title of the series. The image I wanted to convey was a sort of parade through which many dead people arrive. [TL Note: this might seem repetitive and obvious but he is explaining the title as one would to a Japanese speaker, without using the English word for “death” here.]

— Were there any deliberate changes you made from Death Billiards?

Tachikawa: With Death Billiards, I intended for it to work as a standalone film, so there were parts towards the end left ambiguous or deliberately obscured to leave an impression and linger with the audience. However, I thought that if we did that in every episode of the TV anime, it would just add unnecessary pressure. So the dark-haired woman, who had a more detached role in Death Billiards, was placed in a position closer to the viewer to alleviate that.

— One of the major differences from the previous film is the introduction of new arbiters such as Ginti and Nona. Was the intention to increase the number of characters a consideration unique to a TV anime format, as you just mentioned?

Tachikawa: That was one aspect, yes, though what I wanted to focus on wasn't just the humans, but the arbiters themselves. That's why we ended up with more characters.

 — So will the second half of the episodes be centered on the arbiters, then?

Tachikawa: I hope you look forward to it. In the latter half, we'll touch more on the themes of the work, but in addition to the usual character performances and game interactions, I also want viewers to pay attention to the development of Decim and the dark-haired woman, who are the main characters.

The first episode shouldn't be the most interesting one

— When creating new characters, what kind of orders did you give to character designer Shinichi Kurita? Tachikawa: Kurita-san's art style tends to lean towards realism, but since we started producing Death Billiards, I was careful not to make it too realistic. Since I wanted the characters to have drastically shifting expressions, rather than making them overly stylish or polished, I aimed for something a little off-balance. That approach has been continued in this work as well.

— This is your first time directing a TV anime. Did you feel any pressure?

Tachikawa: I've been involved in TV series productions quite a bit, so I understood the general flow of directorial work. I thought I had a grasp on the workload, but it turned out to be more than I expected when I actually did it.

— Was it also because you wrote the script as the original creator?

Tachikawa: Yes, indeed (laughs). There was so much to do that I sometimes felt pressured midway through, thinking, "has it always been this much?"

― You say there was a lot of pressure, but as a viewer, I was impressed by how deliberate the production seemed, to the extent that one wouldn't think it was your first time directing. Various elements seemed well-controlled and utilized effectively, like how some material from the first episode was reused in the second, and how the action was strategically employed.

Tachikawa: I'm grateful to hear that. Regarding the distribution of effort, it was decided during the series composition phase where to have ups and downs. I believe it's not good if the first episode is the most interesting throughout the series. We need to keep building excitement towards the latter half. So, if there's a peak point, I thought it's important to intentionally lower the tension afterward and then build it up again. It's not about maintaining high tension from start to finish, but about balancing the ups and downs.

— Speaking of scripts, you're credited for series composition. Kenta Ihara is also credited for "screenplay cooperation." Could you explain how the work was divided?

Tachikawa: I had a slightly unconventional way of working on the script. At the beginning, I wrote the entire storyline I initially had in mind, all the way through to the final episode. Then, when going back to create the scripts, since I already had the story fully formed in my mind, I simply needed someone to provide objective feedback. This could be a producer or someone from the studio, but I thought it would be best to have input from a third party, especially a writer. So, I brought in Ihara-san for that role. He's actually a friend from my university days, and writes scripts for dramas.

— Oh, I see.

Tachikawa: I thought that a writer who had already worked with me in the past might be hesitant to be up front with me. I wanted someone who could give me direct feedback, so I asked him to join the project.

— Were there any parts that were revised based on Ihara-san's input?

Tachikawa: By the time Ihara-san joined, the structure was mostly set, so he provided guidance mainly on the most crucial points that needed adjustment. The first three episodes remained largely unchanged, but for the latter half, Ihara-san and I met more often, and we delved quite deeply into it together.

Characters' answers are presented objectively

— The second episode, "Death Reverse," serves as a sort of answer to the first episode, but was that structure planned from the beginning?

Tachikawa: No, that came about during the process of refining the script. Initially, I had planned to bring the answer section around the middle of the series. And the series initially started with the dark-haired woman already being in the bar. — So the setting was more similar to Death Billiards.

Tachikawa: But we changed the storyline halfway through the production because some people thought it would be more natural to start with their first encounter. At that time, we reorganized the story so that we would look back at what happened in the first episode from the dark-haired woman's point of view.

— You present what seems to be the correct answer to what the characters in episode 1 were going through in the next episode, but there are plenty of other interpretations possible, aren't there? For example, one could interpret it as Machiko falling into despair and emptiness after completely losing faith in her husband, who had lost his trust in her. How was this aspect considered? Tachikawa: In the first two episodes, I mainly wanted to convey that this work doesn't disregard all possibilities, and it leaves the interpretations of events up to the viewers. Even if the answers reached by the main characters aren't necessarily the truth, I felt it was necessary to present them authentically. The dark-haired woman believes something along the lines of, "Machiko intentionally became the villain to protect her husband," so that's what she says. It's not that this is definitively the "correct answer," but rather that it's not explicitly presented whether it is true or not. The dark-haired woman comes up with her own answer, Decim comes up with his own answer, and Nona, who was also present, arrives at yet another. — That’s true, the viewers get to hear all their different perspectives.

Tachikawa: On the other hand, it's debatable whether what Machiko said actually protected Takashi in the first place. Takashi is breaking down, and while he might have been freed from the guilt of killing his child, his life and love with Machiko has become a lie. Machiko meets her fate with a pained expression, but whether or not her actions were justified is another story. That said, while we try to keep outcomes ambiguous, we do aim to convey the feelings of each individual character and the answers that they personally come to in the end.

— With the exception of the first two episodes, the stories in the first half are basically standalone, right? Each episode introduces new guests and a new game. These days, it's rare to see an original TV anime where each episode ends with a standalone story.

Tachikawa: We wanted to challenge ourselves in a variety of ways, and that's why we made the episodes self-contained. One aspect of this is that it allows us to tackle a variety of topics. It’s fun to aim for a comedic tone, or maybe try a romantic subject; there’s a lot we can explore with this format. I also like the challenge of being able to create a complete narrative arc within the relatively short duration of each episode. Plus, I think viewers would get tired if they were only presented with intense stories all the time.

Conversational drama like a stage play and passionate performances by the cast

— One of the highlights of each episode is how the guests have different perspectives and gradually reveal their true feelings. Were there any conscious decisions in how to present this?

Tachikawa: When writing the script, I was conscious of creating an atmosphere that feels somewhat like being close to a stage, where the audience is right nearby.

— So, is it like engaging with the audience below the stage?

Tachikawa: Yes, that’s right. Also, regarding the dialogue, I wanted to structure it so that a character’s statement could be contracted by the other. Since everyone has a different perspective, I wanted to craft dialogue where they could refute one another naturally. I focused on ensuring that the tempo of the conversation flowed smoothly without dwelling on which line of dialogue was correct. For example, in episode 4, we have Misaki, a celebrity with a large family. What she feels stems from her background, but whether that resonates with Yosuke, a shut-in, isn’t clear. As mentioned by their actors, Morita Ichisei-san and Yamaguchi Yuriko-san, during the guest talk, the two of them appear to be having a conversation, but in reality, they are not truly communicating. Their perspectives are completely different, so even though they appear to be engaging with one another, their feelings are not reaching the other at all.

— Now that you mention it, I think there's an interesting aspect to the open-ended conversations scattered throughout the show. Tachikawa: I intended for the guest voice actors to perform their roles as though they were on stage, much like the kind of acting you'd see in a play. This series itself is crafted somewhat like a locked-room drama. It's about drawing out emotions from the interactions, almost like a vocal battle. Professional voice actors can bring out a wide variety of performances when you ask them to do so, so as a director, I wanted to challenge them in that regard. The sound director, Satoshi Motoyama-san, has been working with us since Death Billiards, so I feel that he understands the direction we are taking and he provides a ton of support accordingly. Since this series offers a snapshot of human life, I believe the passionate performances by the voice actors are a major highlight. ━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━┅━ NOTE: I am not fluent in Japanese! I translated this with the help of a language partner. However, as neither of us are fluent in one another’s native tongue, there may be errors in the translation. I typically don’t share things I translate in my free time, but since no one has tackled these interviews in nearly 10 years, I figured it was nice to put these out there for folks who may be interested.