Moeritherium ("Lake Moeris' beast") is an extinct genus of basal proboscideans from the Eocene of North and West Africa. The first specimen was discovered in strata from the Fayum fossil deposits of Egypt. It was named in 1901 by Charles William Andrews, who suggested that it was an early proboscidean, perhaps ancestral to mastodons, although subsequent workers considered it everything from a relative of manatees to a close relative of both clades' common ancestor. Currently, Moeritherium is seen as a proboscidean that, while fairly basal, diverged before the split between elephantiforms and deinotheres. Seven species have been named, though five (M. andrewsi, M. chehbeurameuri, M. gracile, M. lyonsi, and M. trigodon) are currently considered valid. The name comes from Lake Moeris, and the Ancient Greek θηρίον (thēríon), meaning "beast"… (Wikipedia)
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Notiomastodon platensis was a gomphothere – a relative of modern elephants – that lived across much of what is now South America from the mid-Pleistocene to the early Holocene, between about 800,000 and 10,000 years ago.
Similar in size to an Asian elephant, it stood around 2.5m tall at the shoulder (~8'2") with a domed head and thick tusks that varied in length and curvature between different individuals. It had a stockier build than modern elephants with thicker and slightly shorter limbs, and fossilized footprints suggest it had five nails on its front feet and at least three on the hind feet.
Isotope analysis and wear analysis of Notiomastodon's teeth suggest it was a generalist browsing herbivore, with different populations adapting their dietary habits to local conditions. As one of the largest South American herbivores of its time it was probably an important seed disperser for plants such as bamboo and palms – and some of the plants that once depended on it may now be "evolutionary anachronisms".
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References:
Aramayo, Silvia A., et al. "Pehuen Co: Updated taxonomic review of a late Pleistocene ichnological site in Argentina." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 439 (2015): 144-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.07.006
Asevedo, Lidiane, et al. "Ancient diet of the Pleistocene gomphothere Notiomastodon platensis (Mammalia, Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae) from lowland mid-latitudes of South America: Stereomicrowear and tooth calculus analyses combined." Quaternary International 255 (2012): 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.08.037
González-Guarda, Erwin, et al. "Fossil evidence of proboscidean frugivory and its lasting impact on South American ecosystems." Nature Ecology & Evolution (2025): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02713-8
Larramendi, Asier. "Shoulder height, body mass, and shape of proboscideans." Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61.3 (2015): 537-574. https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app001362014.html
Mothé, Dimila, et al. "Doing the Time Warp again: Electron Spin Resonance dating reveals oldest numeric age for Notiomastodon platensis Ameghino, 1888 (Mammalia, Proboscidea)." Geobios (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.008
Wikipedia contributors. “Notiomastodon” Wikipedia, 12 Jul. 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notiomastodon
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A drawing of a Deinotherium that I started working on over a year ago but never finished until now
I didn't make this drawing for any reason other than because I wanted to draw a Deinotherium but it working on it reminded me of the Deinotherium skeleton we have at our natural history museum
