#pre-intermediate

Stop & Check | B1 | 1-4 quiz

Test your knowledge of the Headway Pre-Intermediate (B1) level Units 1-4

Stop & Check | B1 | 5-8 quiz

Test your knowledge of the Headway Pre-Intermediate (B1) level Units 5-8

Wild Polar Bears in Churchill by Alex Berger Via Flickr:

Environmental News

http://www.nzherald.co.nz/environment/news/headlines.cfm?c_id=39

http://www.bbc.com/news/science_and_environment

https://www.theguardian.com/uk/environment

Wildest Arctic by Lwp Kommunikáció Via Flickr: Wildest Arctic

Carbon dioxide at record high level

The level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the (1) ____________ is now at a record high. An American weather (2) ____________ in Hawaii recorded the new high on the 9th of May. It found CO2 levels were at 400 parts per million (ppm). The (3) ____________ time CO2 was at this level was five million years ago. This was when there were no (4) ____________ on the Earth. Scientists say the 400ppm level is a warning (5) ____________. They say we must do more to stop this number (6) ____________ bigger. However, scientist James Butler said he thought CO2 levels would keep (7) ____________. He warned: “In eight to nine years, we will probably have seen the last CO2 reading (8) ____________ 400ppm.” He told reporters that even at the South Pole, CO2 would be above 400ppm.

Carbon dioxide is one of the (9) ____________ that create global warming. Just one CO2 molecule can (10) ____________ in the atmosphere for hundreds of years. Pieter Tans, one of the scientists measuring CO2 levels, said human (11) ____________ is making the Earth warmer. He said that, “the (12) ____________ of coal, oil, and natural gas is driving the acceleration”. He (13) ____________ out that 300 years ago, CO2 levels were around 280ppm. He added that 800,000 years ago, they were at 180ppm. Another scientist, Dr Ralph Keeling, (14) ____________ that CO2 is warming the Earth to dangerous levels. He is worried about arctic ice melting, causing  (15) ____________ levels to rise. This will put billions of people in danger. He said: “It takes a long time to (16) ____________ ice, but we’re doing it. It’s scary.”

rising sign last under atmosphere getting station humans

Must + infinitive

I/we/you/they/he/she/It + must + do/stop/go/write. etc. (verb 1)

Use must when you think it is necessary to do something. Ex: The windows are very dirty. I must clean them.

For the past (yesterday/last week etc), we use had to ... (not must). Ex: We had to go to the bank yesterday. (not ‘We must go ... yesterday’)

I must not/mustn’t (do something) = it is necessary not to do it., it is the wrong thing to do. Ex: I mustn’t forget to phone Julia. (= I must remember to phone her)       You mustn’t touch the pictures (= don’t touch the pictures)

I need not/needn’t (do something) = it is necessary to do it, I don’t need to do it. Ex: I needn’t clean the window. They aren’t very dirty.

You can also say don’t need to ... (= needn’t) Ex: I don’t need to clean the window. They aren’t very dirty.

Compare needn’t and mustn’t. Ex: You needn’t go. You can stay here if you want.

Cool Exercises Find the sentences with the same meaning.

We can leave the meeting early.

We must leave the meeting early.

We mustn’t leave the meeting earl.

We needn’t leave the meeting early.

We had to leave the meeting early.

A. We must stay until the end. B. We couldn’t stay until the end. C. We can’t stay until the end.   D. We needn’t stay until the end. E. We can stay until the end.

Answer: 1D 2? 3? 4? 5?

source: Full Bright Institute, Makassar.

Must dapat menunjukkan 2 hal, necessity (keharusan) atau probability (kepastian/mendekati fakta/kesimpulan kuat). Ex: I must study hard for exam (necessity)       She must be at home (probability)

Must dalam bahasa Indonesia berarti harus.

Mustn’t dalam bahasa Indonesia berarti jangan/tidak boleh.

Needn’t dalam bahasa Indonesia berarti tidak perlu.

Pronouncation

Write. Pengucapan huruf w dihilangkan. Ex: W rite, S w ord, Ans w er

#2 Tuesday, 19 July 2016 

can + infinitive

I/we/you/they/he/she/it + can/cannot(can’t) + do/play/see/come etc. (verb 1)

can + I/we/you/they/he/she/it + do/play/see/come etc. (verb 1)

I can do something = I know how to do it or it possible for me to do it. Ex: I can play the piano. My brother can play the piano too.

For the past (yesterday/last week etc), we use could/couldn’t. Ex: When i was young, I could run very fast.

We use can you ... ? or Could you ... ? when we ask people to do things. Ex: Can you open the door, please? or Could you open the door, please?

We use can I have ... ? or could I have ... ? to ask for something. Ex: (in a shop) Can I have these postcards, please? or Could I have ... ?

Can I ... ? or Could I ... ? = is it OK to do something? Ex: Tom, can I borrow your umbrella? or Tom, could I borrow your umbrella?

source: Full Bright Institute, Makassar.

Can menunjukkan kemampuan (ability). Pada kalimat tanya, can menunjukkan permintaan izin/tolong/permisi (permission).

Penggunaan could dalam kalimat tanya lebih sopan ketimbang can.

Pronouncation

-ng- (ada huruf ng di tengah kata). Tidak dibaca sengau, tetapi dibaca terpisah. Ex: En-glish, Lan-guage, Lon-ger, Youn-ger

Could/Would. Pengucapan huruf l dihilangkan. Ex: Cou l d, wou l d

Can’t. Penekanan di akhir kata (-n’t) untuk american way.

#1 Monday, 18 July 2016

Cinderella This is the story of a kind and beautiful girl. She lived with her father and moth- er. They were very happy. Then one day, her mother died. She was very sad. A year later, her father married again. The girl’s new stepmother was very unkind. She had two daughters. They wore beautiful clothes, but they were not beautiful or kind. The girl’s new stepsisters were very unkind. The two…

Cinderella This is the story of a kind and beautiful girl. She lived with her father and moth- er. They were very happy. Then one day, her mother died. She was very sad. A year later, her father married again. The girl’s new stepmother was very unkind. She had two daughters. They wore beautiful clothes, but they were not beautiful or kind. The girl’s new stepsisters were very unkind. The two…