#polskur

Nominative (mianownik)- case of a noun which generally marks the subject of a verb or the predicate noun or predicate adjective, as opposed to its object or other verb argument.

Genitive (dopełniacz)- case that marks a noun as modifying another noun. It often marks a noun as being the possessor of another noun. It can indicate various relationships other than possession: certain verbs may take arguments in the genitive case and it may have adverbial uses.

Dative (celownik)- case used to indicate, among other uses, the noun to which something is given.

Accusative (biernik)- case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb.

Instrumental (narzędnik)- case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. The noun may be either a physical object or an abstract concept.

Locative (miejscownik)- case which indicates a location. Corresponds vaguely to the English prepositions “in”, “on”, “at”, and “by”. The locative case belongs to the general local cases together with the lative and separative cases.