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This article explains how to install NetData on Ubuntu 24.04 to monitor system resources via a web browser. NetData is a real-time monitoring solution that provides an overview of system performance and health. It enables users to visualize various metrics related to server resources, such as CPU usage, memory consumption, disk activity, and network traffic. NetData is optimized for minimal…

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New Post has been published on http://blog.seabow.pe.kr/?p=7380

성능 모니터링 툴 netdata 간단 사용기

SNS 에서 netdata 관련 포스팅을 보고 급… 궁금해져서 설치를 진행 함.

요즘은 좋은 세상이라???  힘들게 컴파일 하지 않아도 되는??? 컨테이너란 편리한 실행 방법이 있음.

관련 내용 : https://hub.docker.com/r/titpetric/netdata/

실행 방법 : ( RHEL7, CentOS7 기준 ) # yum install docker -y >> docker 를 설치 함.

# systemctl start docker >> docker 서비스 실행

# docker run -d –cap-add SYS_PTRACE -v /proc:/host/proc:ro -v /sys:/host/sys:ro -p 19999:19999 titpetric/netdata >> docker 가 구동되어 있는 상태에서 위의 명령어를 입력하면 docker image 를 먼저 pull 하고  컨테이너를 run 함.

# docker ps -a >> 실행 상태 확인

docker 컨테이너가 실행 되었다면 브라우져에서 아래의 주소로 접속

http://$(ip):19999 ex) http://192.168.10.2:19999

  페이지가 접속되면 아래와 같은 화면을 볼 수 있음.

호스트에 대한 전체 리소스 사용량

현재 docker 로 구동된 컨테이너 자원 사용량

윈도우로 구동된 kvm 기반 vm 자원 사용량

표출 가능한 정보들 :  Link : https://github.com/firehol/netdata

netdata 관련 Demo 모음 :  Link : https://github.com/firehol/netdata/wiki

그 외 추가 가능한 챠트들을 제공함. Link : https://github.com/firehol/netdata/wiki/Add-more-charts-to-netdata

Netdata: The New Kid!

Netdata is great tool to see the realtime metrics of your system or systems. There are some great benefits of using netdata like…

It’s extremely no nonsense setup procedure

It’s out-of-the-box monitoring presets

It’s ability to stay low on resources

It’s great documentation wiki

Extensible with plugins

It’s active and vibrant community

… but with a pinch of salt…

There is no centralized look at all the Netdata nodes

Brendan Gregg takes dig at it on Hacker News

It misses overlays, making difficult run live comparisons

Very long configuration file(8000 lines!!!)

Setting the perspective

I am most interested in getting the first pinch fixed at the moment.

When I say “No centralized look at the Netdata nodes”, I mean that netdata does not offer out-of-box mechanism to discover which nodes in your infrastructure have netdata installed and how they could be individually addressable. There is of course the Netdata registry, but with serious drawbacks when nodes are across mulitple subnets.

Let me set the perspective of this writing. Say I have node w1, i want it to be addressable using some internal domain say http://w1.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs, in other words I would want the w1 to publish itself to central system so its netdata dashboard becomes accessible though that URI. Also it would be better for me to have central dashboard provide me with the list all registered nodes and their netdata accessible URIs. Even better if it allowed dynamic registration of these URI routes.

Gorouter It

Though netdata can be setup behind a proxy like, Nginx, Apache2 or Caddy, but these are not robust, for dynamic registration in an environment where there are microservices or instances coming up, and going. My work with Cloudfoundry led me to look at Gorouter, which is an effective http(tcp) traffic router, that would allow you to add service endpoints at will.

A jist of how Gorouter works. Gorouter works along with GNatsd, and it subscribes to messages on the GNatsd for nodes publishing their accessible URI(in this case w1.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs, where w1 is a hostname) and their ip address, and port(netdata port). Once the Gorouter picks this message it updates its registry with the new node details its URI(w1.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs). As you can see in the following diagram.

Gorouter sits behind a proxy like Nginx which serves say, *.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs data, and any w1.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs is sent to it(Gorouter) by the Nginx proxy. Now when Gorouter receives the w1.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs through the Nginx proxy, it just routes the traffic to w1 node’s ip netdata port, which it picks from its registry. As you can see in the following diagram.

Advantage Gorouter

The design of Gorouter makes it most suited for Dynamic environments where service nodes come up and go. Every node requires to ping its status to the Gorouter publishing its availability, otherwise the Gorouter will remove the node details from its registry, after a defined TTL(usually 2 minutes).

The Admin API of Gorouter(usually on 8082), which is protected by some basic authentication, allows users to check the health of Gorouter, get runtime variables and most importantly the routes. The /routes is very helpful to see what netdata nodes are registered and URIs they are reachable at.

Scalablility is one of the features of the Gorouter, as you could run multiple Gorouter instances behind the an Nginx proxy, allowing it load balance between the configured Gorouters. This capability is enabled by running Gnatsd on a independepent instance, providing each Gorouter to pick the routes from Gnatsd queue, and update their registry. Though this article will not detail the scalable setup; but it is pretty obvious.

Play it!!!

Having understood the theoretical premise of what and how we are to achieve a centralized netdata, it is worth taking it for a ride. The resources(self contained binaries) for the setup are availalble here, at the resources directory. Now for the setup, we would require the following birnaries…

gorouter

gnatsd

nats-pub

…from that directory. This setup exercise is completely manual to understand the nuances. And all commands here are run on a Ubuntu 16.04 server. And we would require two machines…

One: Running Nginx, Gorouter and Gnatsd

Two: Node which publishes and is monitored

Supervised Gorouter

Always using process a manager to manage long running process is an ideal mechanism. For this setup we would be using supervisord, to manage both Gorouter and Gnatsd, on the same machine. Lets first download these resources on to the machine which would run Gorouter.

$ # Download Gorouter $ sudo wget -O /usr/bin/gorouter https://github.com/samof76/writtings/blob/master/metric_hill_netdata_part1/resources/gorouter?raw=true $ sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/gorouter $ # Download Gnatsd $ sudo wget -O /usr/bin/gnatsd https://github.com/samof76/writtings/blob/master/metric_hill_netdata_part1/resources/gorouter?raw=true $ sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/gnatsd

Now we have Gorouter and Gnatsd in place on our machine, so off to setting up supervisord. Supervisord is program that manage multiple coworking or disparate long running processes, that you would like to put into the background. Supervisord also provide a control center(CLI-based) called supervisorctl, that allows you to manage the processes. Supervisord installation is simple.

$ sudo apt-get install python-pip python-setuptools $ sudo pip install supervisor

To make supervisor aware of running both Gorouter and Gnatsd, we have to create supervisord.conf file, and place it in /etc, which is one of the locations where supervisord will pick up the configuration from. Our supervisord.conf looks like the following.

[unix_http_server] file=/var/run/supervisor.sock [supervisord] logfile=/var/log/supervisord logfile_maxbytes=50MB logfile_backups=10 loglevel=info pidfile=/var/run/supervisord.pid nodaemon=false minfds=1024 minprocs=200 [supervisorctl] serverurl=unix:///var/run/supervisor.sock ; use a unix:// URL for a unix socket [rpcinterface:supervisor] supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface [program:gnatsd] command=/usr/bin/gnatsd priority=400 stdout_logfile=/var/log/gorouter/access.log stdout_logfile_maxbytes=10MB stdout_logfile_backups=10 stderr_logfile=/var/log/gorouter/error.log stderr_logfile_maxbytes=10MB stderr_logfile_backups=10 [program:gorouter] command=/usr/bin/gorouter -c /etc/gorouter.yml priority=500 stdout_logfile=/var/log/gnatsd/access.log stdout_logfile_maxbytes=10MB stdout_logfile_backups=10 stderr_logfile=/var/log/gnatsd/error.log stderr_logfile_maxbytes=10MB stderr_logfile_backups=10

Notice /etc/gorouter.yml, this is just a basic Gorouter configuration file, that looks like this.

status: port: 8082 user: admin pass: 5tr0ngp@55w0rd nats: - host: "localhost" port: 4222 user: pass: port: 8081 index: 0 go_max_procs: 5

The Gorouter configuration, is actually not needed, yet needs to created if you have specified -c option on your /etc/supervisord.conf file. Also note the priority in the supervisord configuration, this actually ensures that gorouter is launched after gnatsd, which is the idea.

Now we can start the supervisord daemon.

$ sudo supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf

This will start both gnatsd and gorouter, ensure they are start but making curl to the Gorouter’s admin API.

$ curl http://admin:5tr0ngp@55w0rd@localhost:8082/healthz

This should return ok. That means that you are all set to register your netdata URI. But one pit stop to setup Nginx proxy.

Proxy thru Nginx

Remember our second diagram, we have to route *.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs to gorouter. This is where that happens. We setup Nginx on our machine(node One)…

$ sudo apt-get install nginx

We would do that on the same server thats running gnatsd and gorouter(feel free to run it on a different server). Here is the configuration,

upstream gorouter { # the netdata server server 127.0.0.1:8081; keepalive 64; } server { # nginx listens to this listen 80; # the virtual host name of this server_name *.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs; location / { proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://gorouter; proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_pass_request_headers on; proxy_set_header Connection "keep-alive"; proxy_store off; } }

We take that and create /etc/nginx/sites-available/star_netdata_monitor_zapped_pigs, and then symlink to it with /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/star_netdata_monitor_zapped_pigs. Then we restart the nginx service.

$ sudo service nginx restart

All we’ve left to do is point our domain *.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs to our server on the DNS. One more thing we could do is point admin.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs, to admin API of the Gorouter, that running on the server’s localhost:8082. So we create /etc/nginx/sites-available/admin_netdata_monitor_zapped_pigs, and symlink to it with /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/admin_netdata_monitor_zapped_pigs. Here is its configuration.

upstream gorouter-admin { # the netdata server server 127.0.0.1:8082; keepalive 64; } server { # nginx listens to this listen 80; # the virtual host name of this server_name admin.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs; location / { proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://gorouter-admin; proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_pass_request_headers on; proxy_set_header Connection "keep-alive"; proxy_store off; } }

Now we restart the nginx service again. Now, we should able be to login from the browser into http://admin.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs/healthz, using the username-password combination as provided in the gorouter’s yml.

Time to Monitor

This is where we select a server(node, Two) to setup Netdata and register that server with, gorouter. This going to be our w1 host. Netdata installation is as mentioned here. But for this article’s sake I would explain it here, as well. First lets get done with the dependencies.

$ sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev uuid-dev \ libmnl-dev gcc make git autoconf autoconf-archive \ autogen automake pkg-config curl

Lets us then checkout the latest version of the Nedata. And then source install it.

$ git clone https://github.com/firehol/netdata.git --depth=1 /tmp/netdata $ cd /tmp/netdata $ sudo ./netdata-installer

Once installed it would part of the services, which would allow us to start and stop at will. To ensure that netdata is running, lets us restart(or start) the service.

$ sudo service netdata restart

Let us register our newly installed service(running on port 19999) with the gorouter, this is done using nats-pub. Since gorouter has a TTL set to 120s, it is necessary to have nats-pub publish its host details to gorouter every minute, to keep the entries alive. So we setup nats-pub as a cron to run every minute. First we download nats-pub.

$ sudo wget -O /usr/bin/nats-pub https://github.com/samof76/writtings/blob/master/metric_hill_netdata_part1/resources/nats-pub?raw=true $ sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/nats-pub

Then we setup the nats-pub’s publish cron like the following.

* * * * * /usr/bin/nats-pub -s 172.16.30.23 'router.register' '{\"host\":\"172.16.30.20\",\"port\":19999,\"uris\":[\"w1.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs\"],\"tags\":{\"name\":\"w1\",\"type\":\"webserver\"}}'

The above command, would publish the node’s ip(172.16.30.20), the netdata port(19999), and the addressable uri w1.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs on the gnatsd service(172.16.30.23), every minute, this is picked up the gorouter.

Done!!!

Now we are done; we should be able to address the netdata dashboard for our w1 node at http://w1.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs.

And we would be able to have a look at all the netdata addressable URIs at http://admin.netdata.monitor.zapped.pigs/routes. This way we have kind of a centrally addressable location for all our nodes monitored by netdata, and also through this mechanism we could dynamically add routes(or nodes).

Next Up???