#ionization

“The lowest part of an aurora is typically around 80 miles above the Earth's surface. However, the top of a display may extend several thousand miles above the Earth.”

yes the lights look kinda blown out in some of these but that’s because i’ve been struggling to apply my biases. aka subtracting out the matrix that is the camera itself. this one being a canon rebel t5.

being able to see the earthshine with the auroras was wicked cool.

NGC 4736 (M94) 

This galaxy, face on, is a starburst galaxy, one that has a far higher rate of star birth than most galaxies. The face on aspect gives the appearance of peering into a tunnel with diamond walls. 

The galaxy is classified as a barred spiral galaxy, however, the bar is more oval in shape and difficult to make out. There is what appears to be a ring of particularly intense star formation, however its actually part of the arms which are tightly wound. 

The galaxy like many starburst galaxies is a LINER (low ionized nuclear emissions region) common with lower mass central black hole’s. As the back holes gain mass, they begin to ionize the gas around them and this severely stunts star birth. It has been measured as 7 million sun’s (The milky way is 4 million sun’s), however the level of low ionization point towards a much smaller size of just 100,000 Solar masses.

A new study published in the International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health has found that spending time close to lakes, rivers and the sea has a positive impact on mental health and promotes physical activity. There is mounting evidence that spending time in the natural environment can promote important physical and mental health benefits, help ward off illness and reduce health care costs. In recent years, stressed-out urban dwellers have been taking refuge in green spaces, which have proven positive impacts on mental and physical health, and are often cited in arguments for more inner-city parks and gardens. The benefits of "blue space" – the sea, coastline, rivers, lakes, streams, and waterfalls – are not as well publicized, yet the science has been consistent for a decade: proximity to water is good for body and mind.

Time spent near water – especially the sea – is associated with many positive measures of physical and mental wellbeing, from higher levels of vitamin D to better social relations. Many of the processes are exactly the same as with green space – with some added benefits. Researchers say there are three established ways by which the presence of water is positively related to health, wellbeing and happiness. First, there are the beneficial environmental characteristics of aquatic environments, such as cleaner air and more sunlight. Second, people who live by water tend to be more physically active – not just with water sports, but walking and cycling. Third – and this is where blue space seems to have an edge over other natural environments – water has a psychologically restorative effect. Spending time in and around aquatic environments has consistently been shown to lead to significantly higher benefits, in creating positive mood states and alleviating negative moods and stress, than green space does.

Researchers believe that water is mentally therapeutic because of its open vistas, reflected light and associated soundscapes. Moreover, blue and green spaces produce special energy fields that facilitate the healing process. Air ionization occurs in natural environments as a result of interactions of photons, electrons, or other atoms or ions with matter. Ionized air is known to affect hormone levels, brain function, and consciousness. Air ions are charged molecules of common gaseous elements in the air, which form when uncharged stable molecules lose or gain an electron due to some disruption. Negative air ions carry an extra electron, producing a negative electrical charge. In nature, the catalysts of negative ions include waterfalls, ocean breakers, evergreen forests, caves, and the summits of mountains. An abundance of negative air ions invigorates us, reduces fatigue, stimulates the immune system, and increases levels of the mood chemical serotonin, helping to alleviate depression.