Herodotus on Croesus, Xerxes, and the denial of death
William N. Turpin "Croesus, Xerxes, and the Denial of
Death (Herodotus 1.29–34; 7.44–53)", Classical World, Volume 107, Issue 4. 535-541.
ABSTRACT: Herodotus portrays both Croesus and Xerxes as resolutely unaware of their own mortality, despite conversations about the life span of an ordinary human (Croesus), and the mortality of his massive army (Xerxes). Part of what makes Croesus and Xerxes hubristic, for Herodotus, is their obliviousness to this salient aspect of their humanity.
The whole paper can be found on https://works.swarthmore.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=fac-classics
William N. Turpin, Swarthmore College