Including some extra word forms for practice
Nouns: nominative (nominative plural, genitive, partitive singular/plural)
Verbs: infinitive (first person singular present/past/perfect)
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Earlier I posted about the Finnish FEL App and shared some early ideas about how things work. Now that Iâm revising Iâm re-reading my old posts and practising with the app once again. So I thought to do a post about additional ideas based on what Iâve learnt in the meantime. I might not have a comment to each phrase but Iâll write them down anyway as practice.
Corrections welcome! (in case you feel like reading a very long post)
Basic phrases
Hei! - Hi!
you can say this to anyone really, unless you want to be very formal
NĂ€kemiin! - Goodbye!Â
It literally means something like âsee each other againâ which is much easier to say in Hungarian, a bit less in English, something like âsee youâ I guess.
MitÀ kuuluu? - How are you?
kuulua has lots of uses, one of them is to ask how someone is. The answer can be:
Kiitos, hyvÀÀ. - Fine, thanks.
Note hyvÀÀ is in the partitive.
HyvÀÀ pÀivÀnjatkoa! - Have a nice day!
Literally something like âhave a good rest of the dayâ, again something we say in Hungarian. HyvÀÀ is in the partitive again, similarly to other âwishingâ phrases.
Kiitos, samoin. - Thanks, same to you.
Onnea! - Good luck!
partitive of onni - luck
Voitko puhua hitaammin? - Could you speak more slowly?
An example of the question ending -ko/-kö and a comparative adjective.
Puhun romaniaa. - I speak Romanian.
Language names are not capitalized, but they are in the partitive when talking about speaking or learning them.Â
Miksi tÀtÀ kutsutaan? - What is this called?
tĂ€tĂ€ is the partitive form of tĂ€mĂ€ (this). If we translate as âWhat do you call thisâ, then âthisâ is the object of the sentence so itâs easier to see why itâs in the partitive.
YmmÀrrÀtkö saksaa? - Do you understand German?
KyllĂ€, mutta en puhu sitĂ€. - Yes, but I donât speak it.
sitÀ - partitive of se (it)
Olkaa hyvĂ€ / Ole hyvĂ€ - Youâre welcome (formal / informal)
It can also mean âHere you areâ and âPleaseâ (closest to the literal translation - âbe goodâ)
Kiitos paljon - thank you very much
EipĂ€ kestĂ€ / ei kestĂ€ - No problem, Itâs all right
the -pÀ ending is a sort of spoken thing as far as I remember
Anteeksi! - Excuse me, Sorry
Ei se mitÀÀn - No problem
Olen pahoillani - Iâm sorry
MikÀ? - What?
MissÀ? - Where?
Milloin? - When?
Kuka? - Who?
Olen vĂ€synyt - Iâm tired
Olen nĂ€lkĂ€inen - Iâm hungry
Olen onnellinen - Iâm happy
Olen surullinen - Iâm sad
MennÀÀn! - Letâs go!
PidÀ kiirettÀ! - Hurry up!
kiirettĂ€ is the partitive form of kiire (hurry), so it means something like âtake hurryâ... anyway. :D
Rauhoitu! - Calm down!
from rauha - peace
Ole hiljaa! - Shut up!
note the partitive form here as well
Apua! - Help!
again partitive form of apu (help), or verb
Tulipalo! - Fire!
Soittakaa ambulanssi / poliisi - Call an ambulance / the police
Ole kiltti - Please (Again âbe nice / goodâ)
Onneksi olkoon! - Congratulations!
HyvÀÀ joulua! - Merry Christmas!
Onnellista uutta vuotta! - Happy new year!
A bit trickier partitive forms:
onnellinen - onnellista
uusi - uutta
vuosi - vuotta
HyvÀÀ syntymÀpÀivÀÀ! - Happy birthday!
Making friends
TÀssÀ on poikaystÀvÀni. - This is my boyfriend.
tÀssÀ - here
-ni possessive ending, although this form is more like the written option (but the app does teach you to write, so... :D)
MikÀ sinun nimesi on? - What is your name?
Okay, this form is a bit closest, though âsinun nimiâ would be enough in spoken form and ânimesiâ in written. But this works too, maybe a bit more emphasized.
Nimeni on Diana. - My name is Diana.
Kenen kanssa olet? - Who are you with?
kenen - genitive form of kuka, used with kanssa (with someone). This is an interesting difference from Hungarian as it is not expressed with a different case like other things.
Olen ystĂ€vĂ€n kanssa. - Iâm with a friend.
Kuinka vanha olet? - How old are you?
Olen (age) vuotta vanha. - Iâm (âŠ) years old.
As we already saw, this is the partitive form of vuosi (year) - used with numbers
Milloin olet syntynyt? - When were you born?
Olen syntynyt vuonna⊠- I was born in (year)
vuonna - in the year
MistÀ olet kotoisin? - Where are you from?
literally âwhere are you from originally?â
Olen Moldovasta. - Iâm from Moldova.
more examples of various cases/endings
MinkÀ maan kansalainen olet? - What is your nationality?
âwhich countryâs citizen are you?â
kansalainen resembles kanssa, and thereâs probably some connection, since both words suggest you belong somewhere
Olen albanialainen. - Iâm Albanian.
adjective made from the country name for nationality (again not capitalized)
Kenen kanssa asut? - Who do you live with?
Asun vaimoni kanssa. - I live with my wife.
MissÀ asut? - Where do you live?
Asun Belgiassa. - I live in Belgium.
Oletko naimisissa? - Are you married?
En, olen naimaton. - No, Iâm single.
Onko sinulla lapsia? - Have you got children?
lapsi (child) is a bit of a tricky word again.
lapsia - partitive plural form (do you have (multiple) children)
plus the âminulla onâ phrase for possessions
KyllĂ€, minulla on kolme lasta. - Yes, Iâve got three kids.
and here itâs the singular partitive form: lasta
PidÀn ruoanlaitosta. - I like cooking.
this ending needs to be used with the verb pitÀÀ (to like doing sth) Here itâs a little more complicated because the object is technically a noun (I like to cook / I like cooking), with the -sta ending.
PidÀtkö television katselusta? - Do you like watching TV?
En, pidÀn lukemisesta. - No, I like reading.
lukeminen - reading
the -nen ending becomes -se in other cases so itâs lukemisesta
(this took me a long time and Iâm still not sure Iâm using it right all the time)
Onko sinulla lemmikkejÀ? - Have you got any pets?
again partitive plural form
KyllĂ€, minulla on koira. - Yes, Iâve got a dog.
Todellakin inhoan pitsaa. - I really hate pizza.
Inhoan solmion kÀyttÀmistÀ. - I hate wearing a tie.
MitĂ€ mieltĂ€ olet kirjasta? - Whatâs your opinion of the book?
Olla (partitive) mieltĂ€ - to have an opinion, to think sth about sth, and the object gets the -sta ending again (elative case, Iâll never learn these names lol)
PelkÀÀnpĂ€, ettĂ€ en pidĂ€ tĂ€stĂ€ kirjasta. - Iâm afraid I donât like this book.
everything needs the same ending so tÀmÀ becomes tÀstÀ here
HÀn kÀyttÀÀ silmÀlaseja. - He wears glasses.
silma (eye) + lasi (glass) = eyeglass :D
Olet erittĂ€in mukava. - Youâre very nice.
Millainen Emma on? - What is Emma like?
HÀn on erittÀin ujo. - She is very shy.
Voinko saattaa sinut kotiin? - Can I walk you home?
Haluaisitko tanssia? - Would you like to dance?
MielellĂ€ni. - Iâd love to.
I feel like this has to do with mieli as well. -ni is the possessive ending, itâs probably not something that could be exactly translated, but I kinda feel what it means :D
Voinko liittyÀ seuraanne? - Can I join you?
KyllÀ, toki. - Yes, sure.
Voinko halata sinua? - Can I hug you?
Voinko suudella sinua? - Can I kiss you?
Conversation
Kuuma ilma, eikö? - Hot weather, right?
this was probably said a lot this summerÂ
Mahtavat juhlat, eikö? - Great party, isnât it?
I recently read that post about things that are usually in the plural, and I think juhla belongs there, though not quite sure why. Anyway, it has to be the nominative plural form with the -t ending, so the same with mahtava.
Saavuin juuri. - Iâve just got here.
Miten töissĂ€ menee? - Howâs work going?
âHowâs it going at work?â
Oli kiva nÀhdÀ sinua. - It was good seeing you.
En voi puhua pidempÀÀn. - I canât talk longer.
Puhutaan lisÀÀ lounaalla. - Letâs talk more at lunch.
Aion lĂ€hteĂ€. - Iâm going to leave.
Tule tapaamaan meitÀ. - Come to see us.
Liity seuraani lounaalle. - Join me for lunch.
Ei kiitos, söin jo. - No thanks, Iâve already eaten.
Minne haluaisit mennÀ? - Where would you like to go?
Haluaisin mennĂ€ elokuviin - Iâd like to go to the cinema.
KyllĂ€, minulle sopii. - Yes, Iâm free.
Kuulostaa hyvÀltÀ. - Sounds good.
things with senses (sounds, looks, smells...) need the -lta/-ltÀ ending
Mielihyvin. - With pleasure.
Ei, minulle ei sovi. - No, I am not free.
Minun tÀytyy opiskella. - I need to study.
another useful phrase âminun tĂ€ytyyâ (+basic form of the verb) - I have to / need to
Minulla ei ole aikaa. - I havenât got time.
Etkö ole sitĂ€ mieltĂ€? - Donât you think so?
the interesting part is the -kö ending added to et and not the verb. In this case I guess this is because of the negation. Ei oletko... or Oletko ei... maybe wouldnât be correct. Otherwise you can add the -ko/-kö ending to pretty much anything, though it might change meanings a bit.
Oi, en todellakaan! - Oh, surely not!
Etkö ole samaa mieltĂ€? - Donât you agree?
Olen tÀysin samaa mieltÀ. - I entirely agree.
Kumman valitsisit mieluummin? - Which would you prefer?
kumman is the genitive form of kumpi (which one - of two things)
again a mieli-form, this time itâs an adjective - which one do you like more?
MitÀ teet? - What are you doing?
MissÀ hÀn on? - Where is he?
Miksi sanoit niin? - Why did you say that?
Se vaikuttaa minusta erittÀin oudolta. - It seems very strange to me.
Olen varma, ettĂ€ hĂ€n voittaa. - Iâm sure that he will win.
En usko. - I donât think so.
Sinulla on erittÀin hieno auto. - You have a very nice car.
Arvostaisin neuvojanne. - I would appreciate your advice.
arvostan - I appreciate
arvostaisin - I WOULD appreciate
MitÀ minun pitÀisi laittaa pÀÀlleni? - What should I wear?
mitĂ€ - similarly to mikĂ€, it means âwhatâ, but mostly for actual things, while mikĂ€ is more abstract
minun pitÀisi - I should (note the -isi phrase again)
laittaa pÀÀlleni - to wear, put on (sth like to put on my head :D sounds a bit funny, but a really good expression)
Voitko pitÀÀ tÀtÀ? - Can you hold this for me?
Voitko auttaa minua? - Can you help me?
Haittaako, jos istun tÀhÀn? - Do you mind if I sit here?
tÀhÀn - to here
Ei, ei haittaa. - No, I donât mind.
MennÀÀn uimaan. - Letâs go swimming.
another nice construction that I will get back to
Se on hyvĂ€ idea. - Thatâs a good idea.
EntÀ tÀnÀÀn? - How about today?
Mietin asiaa. - Iâll think about it.
Well, that was a good session! I continued the app earlier but I havenât posted about it yet, so will do soon.
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This might be a bit of a random vocab list with mostly known words, but I want to continue using/revise what I already learnt with the app.
Body
jalka - leg, foot
pÀÀ - head
polvi - knee
kaula - neck
kÀsi - hand
kÀsivarsi - arm
nenÀ - nose
korva - ear
silmÀ - eye
hiukset - hair
kÀmmen - palm
peukalo - thumb
ranne - wrist
kynsi - nail
jalkapohja - sole
kantapÀÀ - heel
varvas - toe
nilkka - ankle
vatsalihakset - abdominal muscles
rintalihas - pectoral muscles
otsalihas - frontal muscles
hauislihas - biceps
selkÀranka - spine
leukaluu - jaw
kylkiluu - rib
luu - bone
kallo - skull
sydÀn - heart
keuhko - lung
hermo - nerve
kieli - tongue
maksa - liver
mahalaukku - stomach
Family, relationships
nainen - woman
veli - brother
Ă€iti - mother
lapset - children
sisar - sister
isÀ - father
mies - man
vanhemmat - parents
työtoveri - colleague
ystÀvÀ - friend
naapuri - neighbor
tyttöystÀvÀ - girlfriend
poikaystÀvÀ - boyfriend
syntyÀ - to be born
naimisiin - to get married
hÀÀt - wedding
rakastua - to fall in love
kuolla - to die
syntymÀpÀivÀ - birthday
Emotions
iloinen - happy
itkeÀ - to cry
surullinen - sad
nauraa - to laugh