Feb 15, 2020
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Anya is live and ready to show you everything. Watch her strip, dance, and perform exclusive shows just for you. Interact in real-time and make your fantasies come true.
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Marketcraft as the New Statecraft
What if we thought of marketcraft (market governance) as a core government function comparable to statecraft? And what if we sought to optimize market governance rather than to minimize government intervention? Steven Vogel submits that this simple reframing would generate analysis of market dynamics and prescriptions for government policy that deviate fundamentally from the conventional âfree marketâ wisdom. Read the full post:Â
Karl Jaspers was a German-Swiss philosopher. See here the full quote and its source.
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What is Political Economy? It is essentially a historical science
In December 1867 a German positivist philosopher and economist Eugen DĂźhrings published a critical review of Karl Marxâs Capital. DĂźhring, inter alia, disapproved the Marxist labour theory of value and asserted, based on his own concept of âethics of sympathyâ, that a dichotomy between capitalist and proletariat is unnecessary. A decade later, as DĂźhringâs views had found some disciples among the German Social Democrats, Friedrich Engels (following his discussions with Marx) wrote a series of elaborated responses which would be thereafter assembled into Anti-DĂźhring (first entitledHerrn Eugen DĂźhrings Umwälzung der Wissenschaft â Eugen DĂźhringsâs Revolution in Science, 1877â78), debunking DĂźhringâs ideas, analysis, and his âvulgar Materialismâ. But more broadly, Anti-DĂźhring is Engelsâ major contribution to the exposition and development of Marxist theory. This fascinating and acute polemic (to which, by the way, Marx contributed too) holds profound observation in its three chapters (Philosophy, Political Economy and Socialism) and Iâm calling on you to delve into them. This post, however, focuses on a definition of political economy, as it is articulated at the beginning of the second chapter. This paragraph not only reflects, what I term, the ontological mutual embeddedness of State-Economy-Society, but it also emphasizes that this embeddedness is essentially dynamic; namely that institutional change is an intrinsic feature of any political economy and therefore every intellectual endeavour to unravel the mazes of socio-political morphology of the economy must take this insight into account.
âPolitical economy, in the widest sense, is the science of the laws governing the production and exchange of the material means of subsistence in human society. Production and exchange are two different functions. Production may occur without exchange, but exchange â being necessarily an exchange of productsâcannot occur without production. Each of these two social functions is subject to the action of external influences which to a great extent are peculiar to it and for this reason each has, also to a great extent, its own special laws. But on the other hand, they constantly determine and influence each other to such an extent that they might be termed the abscissa and ordinate of the economic curve. The conditions under which men produce and exchange vary from country to country, and within each country again from generation to generation. Political economy, therefore, cannot be the same for all countries and for all historical epochs. A tremendous distance separates the bow and arrow, the stone knife and the acts of exchange among savages occurring only by way of exception, from the steam-engine of a thousand horse power, the mechanical loom, the railways and the Bank of England. The inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego have not got so far as mass production and world trade, any more than they have experience of bill-jobbing or a Stock Exchange crash. Anyone who attempted to bring the political economy of Tierra del Fuego under the same laws as are operative in present-day England would obviously produce nothing but the most banal commonplaces. Political economy is therefore essentially a historical science. It deals with material which is historical, that is, constantly changing; it must first investigate the special laws of each individual stage in the evolution of production and exchange, and only when it has completed this investigation will it be able to establish the few quite general laws which hold good for production and exchange in general.â (Engels 1877)
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Facebook Data Scientists Know Who Your Lover Is
What makes a significant other different from a very dear friend?
Well, besides that.
Facebook data scientists have developed a novel method for identifying who among a user's friends is that person's partnerâand their work puts an empirical stamp on something that is perhaps intuitive: A significant other occupies a unique place in a person's social network, one characterized not by "embeddedness"âthe standard way of measuring a tie's proximityâbut by what the researchers call "dispersion."
Here's what that means: The number of mutual friends ("embeddedness") is a reliable indicator of how close two people are. Simply put: You have more friends in common with your closest friends than with your acquaintances.
Read more. [Image: Rebecca J. Rosen]
The relational, the embedded "Perhaps criticism that leans towards more relational and embodied writing is called for by todayâs art practices. Lori suggested âembedded criticismâ â a term borrowed from journalism, in which journalists are âembeddedâ with soldiers â as a term for art writing that celebrates, rather than discourages, the subjective experience in order to strike a critical observation. In her piece Practicing Trio A in the Spring 2012 issue of October, Julia Brian Wilson spoke about taking a class with Yvonne Rainer in which she learned how to perform Rainerâs seminal The Mind Is a Muscle, Part I (Trio A) from 1973, and how this direct involvement in the piece changed her mind about it. Hannah Higgins is well known as a scholar and writer about Fluxus in part because of her upbringing in a canonical Fluxus household; her embeddedness creates a unique opportunity for scholarship and complexity."
- Chicago Artist Writers, "Art Criticism Today and Hopefully Also Tomorrow" - http://badatsports.com/2013/chicago-artist-writers-lori-waxman/
Interlude: Thinking Sociologically
Fleet Foxes. "Helplessness Blues." Helplessness Blues (2011).