#biotechnotes

. Using the genetic code, the primary amino acid sequence of a protein can be determined from the DNA sequence of the coding strand, which has the same 5′ to 3′ polarity of the corresponding mRNA transcript. . . >>>Follow @everythingaboutbiotech for daily updates<<<

Carbohydrates

Besides playing a role in the formation of microtubules, centrioles become active during cell reproduction. During interphase, both pairs of centrioles are located just outside the nucleus, arranged at right angles to each other. As mitosis (or meiosis) begins, they move apart and organize the mitotic apparatus known as the spindle, which is composed of microtubules extending from pole to pole through the cell’s interior. It is along these microtubules that the chromosomes align at metaphase, then moving apart during the remaining stages of cell division. Toward the end of cell division (during telophase), the centrioles replicate, so each daughter cell, in turn, has two pairs of centrioles located just outside the nucleus.

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𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐦𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐞 (Part 1)

From DNA to RNA to protein, every aspect of the process is controlled, and alternatives are available that effect which information is expressed at what time.

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the transfer of information between nucleic acids and proteins. The genome is copied during cell division by the process of DNA replication. A variety of RNA products are generated by DNA transcription, one of which is mRNA, which is used to synthesize proteins by mRNA translation. The majority of RNA produced by DNA transcription is required for protein synthesis (rRNA and tRNA), RNA processing (snRNA), and regulation of gene expression or protein synthesis (miRNA). Under some conditions, RNA molecules can also be converted back into DNA by reverse transcription.

𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐩𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐨 𝐀𝐜𝐢𝐝𝐬