please read the article 'How White Fandom is Colonizing "Character-Coding"' by Shafira Jordan and quit while you're ahead
Okay, so I read it and see the problem, and Iāll try to address all their points in order because I donāt wholly agree with the article. I know itās a lot to read so Iāve put tldr; sections at the end of each :)
Misusing the Term Reinforces Negative Stereotypes for Marginalized PeopleĀ
The article essentially argues that labeling characters which are villainous as POC-coded is bad because theyāre not morally pure and doing so "reinforces the idea that people of color are naturally dangerous and not to be trusted.ā
Which is fair as you donāt want all the representation to be of ābadā characters, but I also donāt believe all representative characters have to be āgoodā either as it would be equally racist to divide good/bad in such a way. Not that I would place Loki underĀ ābadā to begin with, but arguing that characters shouldnāt be labelled as POC-coded for reasons unrelated to whatās presented in the narrative or because they did bad things is :/ even if lack of good representation is a prevalent issue in current Western and influenced media.Ā
Ideally there should be a range of representative characters that fall into āgoodā, ābadā, and āanywhere in-betweenā because variety and complexity in character types should, in theory, be treated as common practice (which can only happen with a multitude of representation!).
And a bit unrelated but... within the fictional context of Thor 1, all the Jotnar (sans Loki) are presented to the audience as ābadā by default. They desperately want to get their Casket back to the point of attempting stealing it (from the āgoodā characters), they fight the heroes and even when the gang and Thor (āgoodā characters) are enjoying or going overboard with taking lives itās inconsequential, Laufey wants to kill the opposing king (who just happens to be a āgoodā character) and will resort to low-handed methods to do so, etc. The narrative itself is from the frame of reference of the āgoodā and we only see warriors of Jotunheim though so we understand why itās like this, because regardless of their race/experiences the narrative carries, even if it most definitely would be seen as racist from our real-life perspectives if the āmonstrousā race were presented by actual people of colour, even if it would make sense for the people on on different realms living in different environments to be different from each other, and realistic even for that to be the root of some conflict.Ā
tldr;Ā not using a specific label to prevent negative presentations of the characters seems a bit strange to do when the coding would be based off the text, but with limited representation available I see why it would be done, even if I still believe minority-coding is free game to expand/interpret.
Improperly Labeling a Character as āPOC-codedā Suggests the Experiences of All People of Color are the SameĀ
The article argues that labeling Loki as POC-codedĀ āsuggests that all people of color have the same experiences, when in reality, people of color come from different places, have different cultures, and have different traditions.āĀ And while itās true that the term doesnāt go into detail about which particular experiences (and these experiences can vary vastly due to diversity!) the appropriate measure would be to remove the umbrella term POC altogether as people of colour tend to also vary. But thatās also exactly why itās an all-encompassing general term? Itās a way to denote anyone who isnāt āwhiteā and has the associated cultural privilege that comes with the concept of white supremacy.Ā Ā
And, obviously, in the fictional setting presented, the concept of white supremacy is not prodded at, but cultural supremacy is definitely one that makes recurring appearances, right next to the parts about Asgard being a realm built on imperialism with ongoing colonial practice.Ā
My take on this is that Lokiās narrative features a struggle with identity after finding out heās of a different race and was being treated differently his entire life and being Jotun was presumably a part of the reasoning even if he didnāt know it. Heās basically treated as of less worth for inherently existing differently. I do believe that racism is a common-enough POC experience, but that while Loki was born with blue skin he passes/appears white which is why I donāt say that Loki is a POC, just that he has been coded/can be interpreted this way.Ā
Thereās also the entire thing with Loki trying to fit in and prove he belongs by trying to fit the theory and be The Most Asgardian by committing genocide (which ultimately makes no difference as heās still not the āacceptableā version of Asgardian), and the denial/rejection of his birth culture in destructively lashing out towards them (which even Thor is confused by because Loki isnāt typically violent), and the fact his self worth plummets and he is passively suicidal upon finding out heās Jotun (internalized racism? general drop in self-worth after finding out heās adopted and has been lied to? Bit of both?), but what do I know, Iām sure none of those are, at their base, common experiences or relatable feelings for anyone or decent rep because we see such themes on-screen presented wonderfully in different lights all the time.Ā
tldr;Ā every set of experiences could be different, some types of discrimination could overlap, if you limit an umbrella term to only very specific circumstances then itās no longer an umbrella term.
Suggesting that White Characters are Meant to be Seen as People of Color Ignores the Actual Characters of Color that are Present in these Stories
I donāt agree with most of this section, but that may just be the way the arguments are put together, which I donāt blame the author for.
ā Implying that Loki is a person of color completely ignores Heimdall and Hogun, the only Black and Asian Asgardians who appear in the movie. ā
Characters such as Hogun and Heimdall which are played by actual people of colour have smaller roles in the films and any prejudice they could face for being POC in-universe isnāt made apparent, while Loki at the very least comes to the realization that something he couldnāt change (race, parentage,) was having him treated differently his whole life and had to come to terms with it. The Vanir/Aesir are also both treated similarly on-screen, and Heimdall having dark skin isnāt plot relevant, whereas Jotnar are treated as lesser consistently and are relevant through the movie (breaking into the vault, Thor and co. attack Jotunheim, Lokiās deal with Laufey, the attempted regicide (and the successful one XD), destroying jotunheim, Loki saying heās not Thorās brother,).Ā
I also see including characters as POC-coded as... more representation? In all canon-compliant interpretations of the characters Hogun being Vanir is always explicitly mentioned because itās a fact that just is, up to the appearance and even the world-building of Vanaheim in some fanworks use particularly East Asian culture as inspiration. I have never come across a Marvel fandom Heimdall interpretation where heās not Black... but because these characters are more minor/side-characters of course they get less attention!Ā
ā In Lokiās fandom, Heimdallās name sometimes gets thrown in to suggest that it was he all along who was the real villain due to his āracismā against Loki and the rest of the Jotun. It is, of course, ironic to suggest that somehow the only Black Asgardian to appear in the movie can oppress the privileged white prince.Ā ā
I... donāt know where to start with this. But the example of theorizing given in the article wasnāt suggesting Heimdall was bad or trying to explain his actions in Thor 1 by saying he is Black... and just looking at a characterās actions shouldnāt be done less or more critically because of skin tone in my opinion. Heimdall may have been trying to do what was best and protect the realm but if the audience didnāt know that Loki was up to dodgy things then the coding would be switched around because he was trying to spy and committed treason and then tried to kill Loki. People... can hold feelings towards others... regardless of skin... and suspect them... for reasons other than skin... although I do still have questions about whether Heimdall knew Loki was Jotun or not. (Even if I personally donāt think itād make a difference to how heād treat Loki?)
Some Loki fans have also suggested that because Jotuns have blue skin that this alone makes him a person of color (even if the audience is only allowed to see Loki in his true Jotun form for mere seconds of screentime). This, again, shows a lack of understanding when it comes to race. It doesnāt matter what skin color the Jotuns have.Ā
Race can differentiate between physical and/or behavioural characteristics!! Not being blue all the time doesnāt make him any less Jotun!! Heās got internalized stuff to work through and is used to being Aesir!! At least 1 parent is Jotun so even if Loki was passing as Aesir heās probably Jotun!! (I donāt know how magic space genetics work for sure but Loki being Jotun was an entire very important jump-starting point in Thor 1!!). Itās a fantasy text and typically things like having different coloured skin indicates a different race or is sometimes if a species has multiple then is just considered a skin colour. Thatās how coding works!! The Jotnar are very specifically the only race we see in the movie with a skin-tone not within the ānormalā human range, which alienates them to the audience from the get-go!! Theyāre anĀ āotherā and on the opposite side to theĀ āgoodā characters.
Both Loki and his birth father, Laufey (Colm Feore), are played by white men, and it is impossible for a white man to successfully play a character of color.Ā
The specification of men here bothers me, but yes, you donāt get āwhiteā people to play characters of colour if it can be avoided. (And it can be avoided.)
This also connects with the previous point made that people of color come from various places. There is nothing specifically about the Jotun that could be traced to any specific person of color, and even if there were, there would be no way for white men to portray them without being disrespectful.
This is where arguments about the definition of coding and how specificity/generalizations and do/donāt come in. I know Iām subjective and lean towards the more rep the better, but while I agree āwhiteā people wouldnāt be able to respectfully play a POC I donāt think that rule should have to carry over into fantasy-based fiction. I know texts reflect on reality and reality can reflect within texts, but if contextually there is racial discrimination and there are similar ideas which resonate with the audienceās own experiences Iād say itās coded well enough to allow that.
tldr; Thor 1ā²s narrative revolves mainly around Thor and Loki, of which race is kinda kinda a significant theme in Lokiās part of the story. Not so much explored with less-developed side characters such as Heimdall and Hogun, even though their actors are actual people of colour.Ā
How Much of this is Really Well-Intentioned?
In the fantasy space viking world Heimdall and Hogun donāt face any on-screen prejudice and their appearance is not mentioned (which is nice, for sure! good to have casual rep!) but adding on to the roles they play in the narrative the explicit fantasy-racism in the movie isn't aimed at Asian/Black characters, but towards the Humans -to a lesser extent- and the Jotnar, including Loki, who only just found out he comes under that bracket.
The article mentions how fandom space toxicity often āreaches the actors who portray the characters,ā which is true, and itās shameful that people have to justify their roles or presences are harassed for the pettiest things like skin tone/cultural background, but I donāt see coding characters as removing the spotlight from interesting characters such as those which are actually POC, rather expressing a demand for more rep, since well-written complex characters which are diverse are often absent/minor enough in the media, and therefore can get easily brushed aside in both canon and fandom spaces.
tldr; Itās obviously not a replacement for actual representation, but, if a character is marginalized and can be interpreted as coded, even if they would only be considered so within the context of the textual landscape, I donāt see why spreading awareness through exploring the coding as a possibility for the character shouldnāt be done, even if the media is being presented by people who areĀ āwhiteā or privileged or may not fall into the categories themselves, as long as itās done respectfully to those it could explicitly represent.