#antihiv

Calendula officinalis (pot marigold, ruddles, common marigold)

garden marigold, English marigold, or Scottish marigold)  Caléndula, Fleur de Calendule, Gold-Bloom, Holligold

 “is a plant in the genus Calendula of the family Asteraceae. It is probably native to southern Europe, though its long history of cultivation makes its precise origin unknown, and it may possibly be of garden origin. It is also widely naturalised further north in Europe (north to southern England) and elsewhere in warm temperate regions of the world.

Calendula officinalis is a short-lived aromatic herbaceous perennial.The leaves are oblong-lanceolate. The inflorescences are yellow, comprising a thick capitulum or flowerhead 4–7 cm diameter surrounded by two rows of hairy bracts; in the wild plant they have a single ring of ray florets surrounding the central disc florets. 

Pot marigold florets are edible. They are often used to add color to salads or added to dishes as a garnish and in lieu of saffron. The leaves are edible but are often not palatable. They have a history of use as a potherb and in salads.

Flowers were used in ancient Greek, Roman, Middle Eastern, and Indian cultures as a medicinal herb as well as a dye for fabrics, foods, and cosmetics. Many of these uses persist today. They are also used to make oil that protects the skin.

Marigold leaves can also be made into a poultice to helps scratches and shallow cuts to heal faster, they also when made into a poltice can help prevent infection.

Sooths exfoliative cheilitis = heavily cracked/ chapped, crusted lips/mouth corners  * see research link PMC2803874/

Anti-inflammatory   *see research link 19374166

Enhances wound healing and increases collagen ,reduces leg ulcers (Excerpt from:” The percentage of wound closure was 90.0% . extract treatment at a dose of 20 or 100 mg/kg “)  *see research link 19601397 , 25266273, PMC3841996/, 16372475

Antioxidant   *see research link /19405380,  17921550 , 12189055

Anticancer ,antitumor , anticarcinoma, anti-leukemia Orally taken 50mg/kg  (Excerpt from research:” In leukemia cell lines, LACE treatment inhibited 100% of growth. The growth of Ando-2 tumor was reduced in a 60%.  The anti-tumor efficiency of LACE was similar to obtained with other commonly used chemotherapy drug, paclitaxel.   LACE  (Laser Activated Calendula Extract  ) “) *see research link PMC1513589/,  17190444

Improves radiodermatitis caused by radiation therapy *see research link 25992820,   PMC3841996/

Anti-plaque & gingivitis   *see research link PMC3917203/

Anti- HIV type 1  (Excerpt from research:” the organic extract from Calendula officinalis flowers caused a significant dose- and time-dependent reduction of HIV-1 reverse transcription (RT) activity. “)  *see research link 9207986

Can relax and induce cramps  * see research link  16906636

Reduces ulcerative colitis *see research link 22737434,  26831607

Cardioprotective  and myocardial infarct damage reducing  (Excerpt from research:” Calendula achieved cardioprotection by stimulating left ventricular developed pressure and aortic flow as well as by reducing myocardial infarct size “)* see research link 20874690

Natural sunscreen  ,SPF 15 * see research link PMC3326776/  , 21491442

Reduces oropharyngeal mucositis *see research link PMC3623793/

Research and tips on Calendula:

Genome-wide CRISPR activation and knockout screens in primary human CD4+ T cells systematically identify host proviral and antiviral factors modulating HIV infection, including the strongly antiviral factor PPID, which is shown to bind HIV capsid and reduce its nuclear import. Read more about this post… Credits: Source Disclaimer

Mylan is one of the world’s biggest generic drug makers.

Backyard Productions/AlamyStock Photo

Mylan, a huge generic drugmaker locateded in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, that took a slamming in 2016 for steeply raising the price of its EpiPen that deals with serious allergies, has actually now turned the tables and is arguing that the United States is losing billions of dollars on name brand name anti-HIV drugs rather of its less expensive options.

Atthe International HELP Conference in Amsterdam recently, Mylan CEO Heather Bresch kept in mind that 90% of the given drugs in the United States are generics. But for antiretrovirals (ARVs) that deal with HIV infection, Bresch states, “You’re looking at 0% utilization.” Mylan states it is the world’s biggest provider of ARV drugs, however that whole service is outdoors of the UnitedStates In February, Mylan got approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for 2 items that offer unique mixes of popular ARVs. (They are not technically “generics” due to the fact that nobody offers these particular coformulations.) Bresch declares they might tear down the nation’s expense of dealing with an HIV-infected individual– now $35,000 a year, inning accordance with exactly what’s referred to as the typical wholesale price– by a minimum of 20%.

Others state the concern is much more complex.

Bresch went to the conference with Anil Soni, Mylan’s head of worldwide contagious illness. Soni was formerly CEO of the Clinton Health Access Initiative, which brokered high discount rates on ARVs for bad nations. (They only pay about $100 to deal with an individual for 1 year.) “HIV is a huge source of spend,” states Soni, keeping in mind that ARVs are a $20 billion market in the UnitedStates He states it’s “really ironic” that less expensive ARVs “are going nowhere in the United States” considered that the U.S. federal government has actually offered more financing than any nation for providing low-cost variations of these drugs to bad nations.

Mylan, which was pilloried in the media and at a congressional hearing for raising the price of the EpiPen from about $100 to $600 in between 2009 and 2016, is an unexpected voice to be railing versus the high expense of medications. Bresch, who took her reasonable share of arrows throughout the EpiPen ordeal, acknowledges she may be viewed as attempting to resuscitate the business’s image– and she highly turns down the idea. “This isn’t a campaign,” states Bresch, who firmly insists the EpiPen flap had more to do with insurance coverage modifications that caused greater co-pays than to business greed. Mylan, she worries, formed in 1961 to offer a more budget-friendly penicillin due to the fact that of worries about clients being “gouged,” and the business now offers more than 7000 various medications at a typical dosage price of $0.25

TimHorn, who chairs the activist-led Fair Pricing Coalition, states the EpiPen tainting of Mylan was “partially unfair.” Much of the spoils of price hikes go to drug stores and other intermediaries, he keeps in mind, and the business likewise got lumped together with Martin Shkreli of Turing Pharmaceuticals, which after obtaining an off-patent antiparasitic drug treked the price from $1350 to $750 (Shkreli was founded guilty of unassociated securities scams and is in jail.) And Horn praises Mylan for attempting to shock the prices of ARVs in the UnitedStates “I think they’re the good guys,” states Horn, who directs the medication gain access to and prices program at the Washington, D.C.– based National Alliance of State and Territorial HELP Directors.

Mylan offers this tablet, which integrates 3 antiretroviral drugs, for far less than the brand drugs.

Mylan

YetHorn worries that Mylan’s arguments avoid lots of subtleties. For one, he believes Mylan’s U.S. prices for its ARVs is still too expensive. “They’re cheaper, but they could be much cheaper.” And he states due to the fact that the United States has such an intricate patchwork of public and personal payers for medication– which is specifically real with ARVs due to the fact that of the federal Ryan White Comprehensive HELP Resources Emergency Act that uses extra protection for low-income individuals– there’s minimal need for less expensive items. The United Kingdom’s National Health Service, by contrast, which covers everybody and bulk purchases medication, invests less than $8000 annually on ARVs to deal with each HIV-infected individual.

Onthe client front, copays for ARVs for practically everybody are incredibly low, so this notoriously loud advocacy neighborhood has actually been peaceful. “The high price of prescription drugs is rarely felt by the patient,” Horn states. He likewise keeps in mind that lots of low-income centers and medical facilities pay for their HIV/AIDS services through an uncommon federal program that, in what total up to a refund, funnels loan to them from the makers of the pricey ARVs.

DemetreDaskalakis, a deputy commissioner at the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, questions that federal legislators will handle this complex concern. “Politicians on [Capitol] Hill do not truly understand there’s a compromise in between care and drug prices,” he states. But he competes that New York City, a significant buyer of ARVs for both treatment and exactly what’s referred to as pre-exposure prophylaxis utilized by uninfected individuals, is suffering due to the fact that of the high costs of thedrugs “We’re literally looking at our budget being destroyed by ARV costs,” Daskalakis states. “We have a very dysfunctional health care system in the United States.”

South Africa’s poor scramble for anti-HIV drugs amid virus

JOHANNESBURG When her regular clinic ran out of her government-funded HIV medications amid South Africas COVID-19 lockdown, Sibongile Zulu panicked. A local pharmacy had the drugs for $48, but she didnt have the money after being laid off from her office job in the shutdown to slow the spread of the coronavirus.

Desperate for the lifesaving medication, the single mother of four called a…

Rapid Recognition and Targeted Isolation of Anti-HIV Daphnane Diterpenes from Daphne genkwa Guided by UPLC-MSn | Journal of Natural Products

“Daphnane diterpenes with a 5/7/6-tricyclic ring system exhibit potent anti-HIV activity but are found in low abundance as plant natural products. In this study, an effective approach based on mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways was conducted to specifically recognize and isolate anti-HIV compounds of this type from Daphne genkwa.”

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00993

Newly engineered peptide shows potential as long-acting anti-HIV drug — ScienceDaily

A newly engineered peptide called IBP-CP24 has the potential to be further developed as a long-acting anti-HIV drug that can be used alone or in combination with a broad neutralizing antibody for the treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection, according to a study published December 5 in the open-access journal PLOS Pathogensby Lu Lu and Shibo Jiang of Fudan University and Lishan Su of the…

Mylan is one of the world’s largest generic drug manufacturers.

Backyard Productions/Alamy Stock Photo

Mylan, a giant generic drugmaker headquartered in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, that took a bashing in 2016 for steeply raising the price of its EpiPen that treats severe allergic reactions, has now flipped the tables and is arguing that the United States is wasting billions of dollars on name brand anti-HIV drugs instead of its cheaper alternatives.

At the International AIDS Conference in Amsterdam last week, Mylan CEO Heather Bresch noted that 90% of the dispensed drugs in the United States are generics. But for antiretrovirals (ARVs) that treat HIV infection, Bresch says, “You’re looking at 0% utilization.” Mylan says it is the world’s largest supplier of ARV drugs, but that entire business is outside of the United States. In February, Mylan received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for two products that provide novel combinations of popular ARVs. (They are not technically “generics” because no one sells these specific coformulations.) Bresch claims they could knock down the country’s cost of treating an HIV-infected person—now $35,000 a year, according to what’s known as the average wholesale price—by at least 20%.

Others say the issue is far more complicated.

Bresch attended the conference with Anil Soni, Mylan’s head of global infectious diseases. Soni was previously CEO of the Clinton Health Access Initiative, which brokered steep discounts on ARVs for poor countries. (They only pay about $100 to treat a person for 1 year.) “HIV is a huge source of spend,” says Soni, noting that ARVs are a $20 billion market in the United States. He says it’s “really ironic” that cheaper ARVs “are going nowhere in the United States” given that the U.S. government has provided more funding than any country for supplying inexpensive versions of these drugs to poor countries.

Mylan, which was pilloried in the media and at a congressional hearing for raising the price of the EpiPen from about $100 to $600 between 2009 and 2016, is a surprising voice to be railing against the high cost of medicines. Bresch, who took her fair share of arrows during the EpiPen debacle, acknowledges she might be perceived as trying to resuscitate the company’s image—and she strongly rejects the notion. “This isn’t a campaign,” says Bresch, who insists the EpiPen flap had more to do with insurance changes that led to higher co-pays than to company greed. Mylan, she stresses, formed in 1961 to sell a more affordable penicillin because of concerns about patients being “gouged,” and the company now sells more than 7000 different medicines at an average dose price of $0.25.

Tim Horn, who chairs the activist-led Fair Pricing Coalition, says the EpiPen tarnishing of Mylan was “partially unfair.” Much of the spoils of price hikes go to pharmacies and other middlemen, he notes, and the company also got lumped together with Martin Shkreli of Turing Pharmaceuticals, which after acquiring an off-patent antiparasitic drug hiked the price from $13.50 to $750. (Shkreli was convicted of unrelated securities fraud and is in prison.) And Horn applauds Mylan for trying to shake up the pricing of ARVs in the United States. “I think they’re the good guys,” says Horn, who directs the medication access and pricing program at the Washington, D.C.–based National Alliance of State and Territorial AIDS Directors.

Mylan sells this pill, which combines three antiretroviral drugs, for far less than the brand name drugs.

Mylan

Yet Horn stresses that Mylan’s arguments sidestep many nuances. For one, he thinks Mylan’s U.S. pricing for its ARVs is still too high. “They’re cheaper, but they could be much cheaper.” And he says because the United States has such a complex patchwork of public and private payers for medication—which is especially true with ARVs because of the federal Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act that offers additional coverage for low-income people—there’s limited demand for cheaper products. The United Kingdom’s National Health Service, by comparison, which covers everyone and bulk purchases medication, spends less than $8000 per year on ARVs to treat each HIV-infected person.

On the patient front, copays for ARVs for almost everyone are extremely low, so this famously noisy advocacy community has been quiet. “The high price of prescription drugs is rarely felt by the patient,” Horn says. He also notes that many low-income clinics and hospitals pay for their HIV/AIDS services through an unusual federal program that, in what amounts to a rebate, funnels money to them from the makers of the expensive ARVs.

Demetre Daskalakis, a deputy commissioner at the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, doubts that federal lawmakers will take on this complex issue. “Politicians on [Capitol] Hill don’t really know there’s a trade-off between care and drug pricing,” he says. But he contends that New York City, a major purchaser of ARVs for both treatment and what’s known as pre-exposure prophylaxis used by uninfected people, is suffering because of the high prices of the drugs. “We’re literally looking at our budget being destroyed by ARV costs,” Daskalakis says. “We have a very dysfunctional health care system in the United States.”