Old Norse - Nouns and Pronouns
This is written in old Norse with English Translation and in Younger and Elder Furthark and Anglo Saxon Futhorc
The Old Norse nouns and pronouns belong to one of three genders - masculine, feminine and neuter. The gender for the most part can't be predicted.
Masculine nouns can be identified by an 'r' (α£α«α±α«α±) or an 'i' (αα«αα«α) ending. The 'r' ending generally means that it's a strong noun while an 'i' is a weak noun.
Normative - subject, predictable nouns and adjectives.
Accusative/Direct - direct object, object of certain prepositions
Dative/Indirect - direct object, object of certain prepositions
Genitive/Posessive -Β possessive
hann - he, it, him - αΌα
αΎα«αΊα¨αΎα«α»αͺαΎα« (normative/direct)
Honum - him, it - αΌα¨αΎα’αα«αΊααα’αα«α»α©αΎα’αα« (dative/indirect)
Hans - his, its - αΌα
αΎαα«αΊα¨αΎαα«α»αͺαΎαα« (possessive)
Hon - she, it - αΌα¨αΎα«αΊααα«α»α©αΎ (normative)
Hana - her, it - αΌα
αΎα
α«αΊα¨αα¨α«α»αͺαΎαͺ (accusative)
Henni - her, it - αΌααΎαα«αΊαααα«α»ααΎα (dactive)
Hennar - hers, its - αΌααΎαα£α«αΊααα¨α±α«α»ααΎα¨α± (genitive)
HerjΓ³lfr bjΓ³ Γ‘ Drepstokki
Herjolf lives in Drepstokk
YF - αΌαα±α¨αΏα α£α«ααα¨α«α
α«αα±ααααα¨α΄αα«
EF - αΊαα±αααα α±α«αααα«α¨α«αα±αααααα΄αα«
ASF- α»αα±αα©αα α±α«ααα©α«αͺα«αα±ααααα©α£α
Accusative - no different ending
YF - α¦α¨α±α΄αα±α¦α£α«αα
α«αΌαα±αα¨α³α α«
EF - α¦αα±α·αα±α¦α±α«αα¨α«αΊαα±αααα α«
ASF- α¦αͺα±α·αα±α¦α±α«αα©α«α»αα±αα©αα α«
IngΓ³lf gaf HerjΓ³lfi land
Ingolf gave land to Herjolf
YF - ααΎα΄α¨αα α«α΄α
α α«αΌαα±αα¨αα αα«αα
αΎα
EF - ααααα α«α·α¨αα«αΊααα±αααα αα«αα¨ααα«
ASF- ααΎα·α©αα α«α·αͺαα«α»αα±αα©αα αα«ααͺαΎαα«
ΓorgerΓ°r hΓ©t kona HerjΓ³lfs
Herjolf's wife is called Thorgerd
YF - α¦α©α±α·αα±α¦α±α«α»ααα«α£αα©αͺα«α»αα±αα©αα αα«
EF - α¦α¨α±α΄αα±α¦α£α«αΌααα«α΄α¨αΎα
α«αΌαα±αα¨αα α«
ASF- α¦αα±α·αα±α¦α±α«αΌααα«α΄ααα¨α«αΊαα±αααα αα«
Normative - for the most part, in normative the ending for masculine noums end in R whereas for feminine and neuter don't.
M - maΓ°r - man - αα
αΎα«αα¨α¦α±α«αα©αͺα¦α±α«
F - ferΓ° - journey - α αα±α¦α«α αα±α¦α«α αα±α¦
N - skip - ship - αα΄ααα«αα²ααα«αα£αα
M - konungr - king - α΄α¨αΎα’αΎα΄α«α²ααΎα’αα±α«α£α©αΎα’αΎα·α±α«
F - sΓΆk - cause - αα
α΄α«ααα²α«αα©α£α«
N - land - land - αα
αΎαα«αα¨ααα«ααͺαΎαα«
M - sonr - son - αα¨αΎα£α«αααα±α«αα©αΎα±α«
F - leiΓ° - way/road - α³ααα¦α«αααα¦α«αααα¦α«
N - mΓ‘l - speech - αα
α³α«αα¨αα«ααͺαα«
M - hestr - horse - αΌαααα£α«αΊαααα±α«α»αα₯αα±α«
M - vikingr - viking - α αα΄ααΎα΄α£α«α αα²ααα±α«α αα£ααΎα·α±α«
F - vik - bay - α αα΄α«α αα²α«α αα£α«
N - sverΓ° - sword - αα αα±α¦α«αα αα±α¦α«αα αα±α¦α«
N - ΓΎing - assembly - α¦ααΎα΄α«α¦ααα«α¦ααΎα·α«
F - hliΓ° - slope - αΌα³αα¦α«αΊααα¦α«α»ααα¦α«