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SCI is a devastating condition characterized by the loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic function, with limited treatment options. This paper reviews the physiological architecture of the healthy spinal cord, the pathological mechanisms underlying spinal cord injury, and the current clinical landscape of mechanical and regenerative therapies. Market analysis reveals a growing demand for implantable, programmable, and biologically active solutions as populations age and long-term care costs continue to rise. Recent advances in scaffold design, stem cell therapies, neuromodulation, and hybrid technologies are driving innovation in both academic research and commercial development. Together, these trends point toward a future of personalized, multimodal regenerative medicine for spinal cord repair.

Osteoarthritis, a chronic health condition induces high degrees of disability and health costs in all parts of the globe and is presumably very limiting and disabling if the disease manifests at the shoulder joint despite advanced surgical joint replacement and remedial procedures. In this overview, what has been observed in this regard is documented using the PUBMED data base and encompasses a growing body of data extending from very limited reports in 1950 to more than 4800 articles in 2025 where shoulder osteoarthritis works are posted. Adversely impacted, especially in the face of shoulder muscle atrophy, both excess body fat plus the encroachment of excess fatty tissue into vulnerable or injured muscles or

tendons it appears only modest progress has been made and most modes of intervention in 2025 focus on surgery rather than non-surgical modes of intervention to mitigate dysfunction, or joint damage. In this regard, we found that with few exceptions and regardless of article examined a possible role for increasing age, inaccurate health beliefs, shoulder muscle fat mass infiltration alongside muscle pain and atrophy may have a strong bearing on shoulder osteoarthritis disability, as may genetics, demographic, cognitions, and occupational factors, thus a multipronged long term tailored approach to care including a plan to prevent shoulder injury, foster innate healing in the face of perpetual reversibility challenges, and education is likely to be worth contemplating.

 “Super-Big-Perfect-Hurricane (SBPH)” Leadership?

The quantum level of Earth is rising, some people can feel it and change accordingly, lots of people cannot feel it, but feel the environment uncertain & unpredictable, however some people feel discomfortable, & feel Fear, Anger, and their families feel that they are sick, but don’t know how to help them, because the hospital physical diagnosis are normal. Everything is totally a mess!

Introduction: Treatment for bone injury in children is different to adult. Selecting method depeding on age, articular cartilage and demanding movement. Non-operation treatment on direction and immobilization in plaster is academic method, good result, aspecialy in little children.

Case report: A man 4 years old who has bihumerus fracture and bifemur fracture in multiple injuries condition was directtioned and immobilizationed in plaster at Orthopeadic clinical and out patient department- Viet Duc University Hospital.

Result: Affter 1 year, patient has good result, good bone regeneration, good direction, balance limb height, patient movement is normaly without complication. Conclustion: direction and immobilization treatment are a good choice for bone injury in little children.

Infections are among the most common adverse events affecting patients in hospital settings, and hand hygiene is a primary measure for disease prevention. This study analyzed the impact of using ozonated water as an adjuvant in reducing microorganisms present on the hands of surgical teams before pediatric cardiovascular operations, and on the hands of nurses working in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Over one year, a quantitative microbiological analysis was conducted on 224 hand surface samples from 10 ICU professionals and 5 surgical center professionals, which constituted the study material. Samples were collected at two distinct times: before and after hand hygiene and rinsing with either water without ozone or ozonated water. 

There was a 100% reduction in the number of Colony-Forming Units (CFU) in surgical center samples after rinsing with ozonated water, with p=0.0029 for the left hand and p=0.0156 for the right hand. Hands rinsed with water without ozone showed CFU reduction in 6 (86%) and 4 (80%) cases, considering the left hand (n=7) and right hand (n=5), respectively. In hand samples from ICU professionals, after rinsing with ozonated water, 82% (n=14) showed CFU reduction for the left hand (p=0.0469) and the right hand (p=0.0195). For hands rinsed with water without ozone, there was a

47% (n=7) reduction in microbial load for both hands. This study confirms that rinsing hands with ozonated water, as an adjuvant to hygiene practices,consistently reduces microbial load when compared to rinsing with water without ozone, thereby minimizing the risk of transmission to other surfaces.

The present work aimed to identify cases of congenital infections up to the first two years of life in a municipality in the southwest of Goiás, considering that they represent an important public health problem, given the indicators of neonatal morbidity and mortality. This is an epidemiological, descriptive, analytical study, investigating cases of congenital infections by consulting the medical records of children treated at a specialty outpatient clinic in the city. A Chi-Square test of independence was performed to investigate the association between diagnosed diseases and the variables pregnancy history, period of diagnosis and maternal age. The results indicate that women with a maternal age between 20 and 30 years are 4.19 times more likely (95% CI: 1.14 - 15.45) to be diagnosed with syphilis compared to those with a maternal age younger than 20 years.

The delivery of healthcare and nursing practice are severely hampered in low- resource nations like Kenya by inadequate infrastructure, a lack of workers, and a lack of funding for research. A growing corpus of research addressing creative strategies and context specific solutions has emerged in spite of these obstacles. In Kenya, research in nursing and healthcare has expanded dramatically, tackling important health issues like infectious diseases, non- communicable diseases, maternal and child health, and workforce issues.

Increased scholarly participation, governmental programs, and global partnerships are all responsible for this progress. But persistent obstacles such as a lack of mentorship, inadequate infrastructure, and financial limitations keep getting in the way of new developments. To speed up progress, it is crucial to increase funding for research, improve mentorship programs, use digital technology, and encourage policy involvement. Kenya can improve patient care and public health outcomes by giving priority to these initiatives and advancing its nursing and health care research agenda. It is therefore, essential to comprehend these research trends in order to improve patient outcomes, fortify health systems, and create effective

policies.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early defibrillation are essential for managing cardiac arrest. Defibrillation, which interrupts chaotic myocardial electrical activity, has traditionally been performed using an automated external defibrillator (AED) with pads in the anterolateral position. However, in cases of refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF), the effectiveness of this technique may decrease, leading to the exploration of alternatives such as defibrillation vector change. This strategy aims to improve shock efficacy by redistributing the electric field and promoting synchronized myocardial depolarization. This study aims to analyze the scientific evidence on the impact of defibrillation vector change on rhythm conversion, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and survival in patients with cardiac arrest. A systematic review with a meta-analysis of studies published between 2020 and

2025 was conducted, including randomized clinical trials and observational studies on defibrillation pad positioning. The results indicate that both defibrillation vector change and double sequential external defibrillation (DSED) increase the rate of rhythm conversion and ROSC compared to standard defibrillation. However, the impact on long-term survival remains uncertain. Some studies suggest a

slight improvement in survival with DSED, but no statistically significant difference is observed.

Gamma ray logs were used to map the lithology while thye hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs were identified with a mix of gamma ray and resistivity logs. Well-logged correlation was carried out using similarity in log signatures. Schlumberger software (PETRELTTM) was used for interpretation. The computation of petrophysical parameters such as net-to-gross volume, volume of shale, porosity, permeability, and hydrocarbon saturation was done using standard equations. The general lithology in the area is an alternation of sands and shales. Three reservoirs designated as R1, R2, and R3 extend across all the wells. Reservoir R1 is located at a depth of 8244 m in well 1, 8202 m in well 2, 8167 m in well 3, and 8129 m in well 4. Reservoir R2 is located at a depth of 8843 m in Well 1, 8520 m in Well 2, 8478 m in Well 3, and 8448 m in Well 4. Likewise, reservoir R3 is located at a depth of 9508 m in well 1, 8801 m in well 2, 8758 m in well 3, and 8730 m in well 4. Reservoir R1 has an average net-to-gross sand of 0.98, a volume of shale of 0.15, porosity of 0.34, and permeability of 1010 mD. Reservoir R2 has an average net-to-gross sand of 0.92. The shale volume is 0.19, the porosity is 30%, and the permeability is 838 mD. Reservoir R3 has an average net-to-gross sand of 0.92. The shale volume is 0.01, the porosity is 0.30, and the permeability is 783 mD. The reservoir parameters were also represented statistically using a bar chart. These representations gave insight into the distribution of the reservoir parameters of interest in the study location.

The hydrodynamic behavior of water–polyethylene oxide (PEO) solutions under model flow conditions in hydroperforator jet-forming nozzles was investigated. Experimental results confirmed that, in the nozzle inlet region, PEO macromolecular coils can transition into a highly extended conformation. The ratio of the measured birefringence to its theoretical maximum reached 0.33, corresponding to approximately 60% uncoiling of macromolecular chains. The energy potential of high-velocity jets formed from water–PEO solutions was studied at various polymer concentrations and nozzle discssharge pressures. Evaluation was conducted based on the penetration depth of the jet into a model casing string of an oil and gas well, the cement sheath, and the surrounding rock formation. Additional assessment was performed by measuring the impact force of the jet on a metal target mounted on a physical pendulum. A comprehensive investigation of the perforation process confirmed the mechanism underlying the high destructive capacity of polymer solution jets. It was shown that the exceptional cutting efficiency is due to the dynamic pressure exerted by the water–polymer jet, structurally “reinforced” by the highly stretched macromolecular chains formed in the nozzle inlet region. The assessment was carried out by measuring the impact force of the jet on a metal plate fixed to a physical pendulum.

The growing environmental concerns have intensified interest in renewable sources, promoting the use of agro-industrial residues as alternative substrates for the production of materials, chemicals, and bioenergy. Among these residues, cheese whey stands out due to its high content of lactose, proteins, and minerals, and is widely used in microbial fermentations to produce industrially relevant compounds such as enzymes. Likewise, lignocellulosic wastes like sugarcane bagasse have proven effective as carbon sources for cellulase production, while corn steep liquor has been employed as an inexpensive nitrogen source. Studies involving Bacillus licheniformis SMIA-2 have demonstrated its potential to produce enzymes such as proteases, avicelase, and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) using agro-industrial residues, including passion fruit peel flour, cheese whey, and sugarcane bagasse supplemented with corn steep liquor. Replacing conventional inputs with industrial by-products not only reduces enzyme production costs but also contributes to minimizing the environmental impact caused by residue disposal.

The article presents scientific results on the creation of new promising varieties of a number of agricultural crops, which are currently widely cultivated in the lands of farms in Tajikistan. Based on the analysis of the work of local and foreign breeders, it was found that in the future, such breeding methods as remote interspecific hybridization, mutagenesis and introduction will play an important role in the adaptation of agricultural crops to climate change. Due to the fact that global climate change causes an increase in air temperature, an increase in the level of soil salinity, a lack of moisture in the soil, an increase in the number of pests and plant diseases, etc., it is necessary to strengthen breeding and genetic research in the future. In this regard, the goal of our long-term breeding work was to obtain new intensive varieties of such important agricultural crops as wheat, oats, Jerusalem artichoke potatoes and cotton in the conditions of Tajikistan. These new varieties of agricultural crops, which were obtained by scientists of the Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan (IBPGE) and the Institute of Agriculture (IA) of the Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences, are more resistant to various agroecological growing conditions. These highly productive new varieties of a number of agricultural crops were obtained through an effective combination of classical breeding methods with modern biotechnology methods, are more adapted to climate change, resistant to pests and diseases when they are cultivated in various agroecological conditions of the Republic of Tajikistan.

Workers’ compensation (WC) was introduced as a no-fault system to provide injured workers with timely access to medical treatment and compensation for lost wages. When the treating physicians submit a care request to the third party insurer, these requests are often subjected to a utilization review process. Utilization Review (UR) is the process of comparing an injured worker’s case to evidence-based clinical guidelines that outline national standards for a patient with similar symptoms as the one being reviewed. UR often results in a delay or denial of treatment and access to care. Analyzing these disparities can help improve patients' access to appropriate and necessary medical care. A retrospective case series was utilized to analyze existing treatment plans of multiple patients subjected to the UR process. Consent was obtained from an orthopedic private practice located in the Greater Chicago Area to review a series of anonymous WC patient histories. Between January 1, 2024, to December 1, 2024, a total of 42 WC patients were subjected to the UR process. For each patient, their insurer, type of requested treatment, and dates of each UR denial were tracked. Then, the frequency of the total number of UR repeat submissions, total denials, and total approvals pertaining to each requested treatment type was collected. The analyzed requested treatments included the following: pharmacy, physical therapy, surgical, and durable medical equipment. The results displayed that 93.75% of the 42 patients’ UR submissions were denied with these patients facing a longer wait time of 124 days and more frequent UR resubmissions. 

All regions of the world have experienced a considerable increase in life expectancy from 1950 to the present. Population aging is about to become one of the most significant social transformations of the 21st century, with consequences in almost all sectors of society, including the labor and financial markets and the demand for goods an services (housing, transportation, social protection), as well as for family structure and intergenerational ties.

The paper is intended to present an analysis of new theories regarding the leadership and the management and to promote a new concept, that of “Leadership in the mirror”. An organization that intends to “grow up new leaders” is good to hire managers according to the type of leadership they intend to implement. The manager faces the complexity and the leader the changes, grouping the characteristic activities of management and leadership. The leadership in the mirror in a new concept based on personal observations that starts from a study done during 10 years upon 50 persons initially subordinates, in leading positions nowadays.

The coronavirus pandemic has further democratized the use of social media. Faced with health restrictions and physical distancing, workers have seen their working methods completely transformed. The objective of this work was to identify the predictors of the intention to adopt the social network Whatsapp by Cameroonian workers in a professional situation. A questionnaire based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology was administered online to a sample of 358 subjects. The data collected were analyzed on SPSS 20.0. The multiple regression test was applied. The significance threshold was set at p<0.05. The results show that 42% of the variance in the intention to adopt the social network Whatsapp by Cameroonian workers in a professional situation was explained by the feeling of perceived effectiveness, ease of use, influence of colleagues and perceived usefulness (R2 = 0,42; F (3, 354) = 86,26; p=0,000). In short, the establishment of a digital work platform in Cameroonian administrations must take into account the variables found significant in this work.