Timur leading his troops at the 1401 Siege of Baghdad, near-contemporary portrait in Zafarnama, commissioned by his grandson Ibrahim Sultan in 1424â28. Published in 1435â36.
Timur Lenk (Kesh, April 9, 1336 â Otrar, January 19, 1405) (also known as Timur the Great, Timur the Lame, or in Europe as Tamerlane and Tamburlaine, corruptions of the Persian Temur-i-lang and TemĂŒr in Turkic languages) was a Turko-Mongol warlord and the founder of the Timurid Empire and the Timurid dynasty.
Timur Lenk was born in Kesh, today known as Shahrisabz (near Samarkand, Uzbekistan). Although of Turkic roots, he sought to restore the former power of the Mongols. Timur spent most of his life on campaign and rarely stayed in one place for more than a few years. He succeeded in building a new empire on the ruins of the collapsed Mongol Empire. A military genius, he never lost a battle after seizing full power in 1370, but he never established an effectively functioning government in his conquered territories. Often, he had to reconquer them after uprisings, which usually involved extreme brutality, such as constructing towers of severed heads. Timur became infamous and feared from China to Western Europe. During his constant warfare, millions of people perished and entire regions were depopulated. Estimates of the death toll range from 7 to 20 million.
Timur died in the winter of 1405 in Otrar, Kazakhstan, while marching against his greatest enemy, Ming China. After his death, Timurâs empire quickly vanished from the map and his deeds largely faded into obscurity. Nevertheless, his name secured a place in history alongside his models, Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan. Only after Uzbekistanâs independence did renewed attention emerge for Timurâs legacy. There, he is regarded as a hero, since under his rule the land of the Uzbeks flourished as never before.
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