ACOTAR as Political Fiction: Power, Propaganda, and the Politics of War
Sarah J. Maasβs A Court of Thorns and Roses is often discussed in terms of romance and fantasy, but beneath the magic and love stories lies a deeply political narrative. From court rivalries to warfare, from gendered power structures to propaganda campaigns, ACOTAR is a reflection of how political machinations operate beneath personal dynamics. Maas creates a world where leadership, territorial control, and manipulation of perception are as importantβif not more soβthan individual relationships. When analyzed from a critical perspective, especially through the rivalry between the Spring and Night Courts, it becomes evident that ACOTAR is not just political, but a story about politics itself.
The foundational structure of the ACOTAR universe is inherently political. Prythian is divided into seven autonomous courts, each governed by a High Lord, functioning like independent nations or sovereign states. Each court has its own power system, culture, military, and geopolitical strategy. Tamlinβs Spring Court, for example, mirrors a traditional monarchy with public councils and border protections, while Rhysandβs Night Court functions more like a closed-off oligarchy, where the Inner Circle operates as an unelected ruling body. These courts engage in diplomacy, espionage, and war, just like real-world nations.
Furthermore, Maas adds additional layers of politics through the human-lands south of the Wall, where the class divide between humans and fae mirrors the political dynamics of colonialism, xenophobia, and racial segregation. The Wall itself acts as a literal political boundary, separating two βnationsβ that distrust and fear one another, showing how even territorial divisions in ACOTAR are political in nature.
The heart of ACOTARβs political narrative lies in the ongoing power struggle between the courts, most notably between Tamlinβs Spring Court and Rhysandβs Night Court. What is often interpreted as a personal feud between Tamlin and Rhys is, on a deeper level, a political conflict. Rhysand and his Inner Circle engage in covert operations to destabilize Tamlinβs territory. Feyreβs infiltration of the Spring Court in A Court of Wings and Ruin is a prime example of political sabotage, where the Night Court plants Feyre as a spy under the guise of personal empowerment. Feyreβs actionsβspreading chaos, sabotaging defences, and driving Tamlinβs people to rebellionβmirror covert intelligence operations designed to weaken a rival state's internal structure.
This strategy weakens Spring Court militarily and politically, conveniently positioning the Night Court as the leading power in Prythianβs defense against Hybern. Itβs no coincidence that while the other courts are fractured, the Night Court consolidates its influence, cloaking its actions in the language of heroism and rebellion. What appears as a romantic or personal arc is, in fact, political warfare disguised as narrative justice.
Rhysandβs Inner Circle represents an insular, unchecked political body. Decisions about the future of Prythianβincluding how to handle war with Hybern, manipulate the other High Lords, and intervene in Illyrian campsβare made by a small elite group loyal to Rhysand alone. This structure mirrors shadow governments or unelected ruling councils in history, where power is concentrated in the hands of a few who operate above public scrutiny.
In contrast, Tamlin, despite his flaws, governs through more traditional channels, involving wider court discussions and public affairs. His leadership style reflects the burden of monarchy, where he must manage the needs of his people under external pressure and public accountability. While Tamlin faces blame and downfall in the story, it is in part because he lacks the secrecy and propaganda apparatus the Night Court wields so effectively.
Perhaps the most politically charged element of ACOTAR is how the Night Court manipulates perceptionβboth within the story and for the reader. Velaris, hidden away and protected by magical wards, is portrayed as a utopia untouched by Amaranthaβs cruelty, but this comes at the political cost of abandoning other territories to suffer. Rhysand and his Inner Circle maintain Velarisβs peace and prosperity by withdrawing from open conflict until it is convenient to re-enter the political landscape.
This mirrors historical instances where powerful states protect their elite cities while leaving outlying regions vulnerable. Meanwhile, the Night Court spreads a narrative of themselves as progressive saviors, winning Feyreβand the readerβover with selective information, much like state propaganda. By contrast, Tamlin, who is left to face Amaranthaβs wrath openly and whose people suffer under the curse, is framed as the antagonist despite bearing the visible consequences of war and trauma.
The Night Courtβs internal politics also expose further political contradictions. The Illyriansβan ethnic warrior race under Rhysandβs controlβare subjected to strict hierarchies, forced breeding programs, and systemic patriarchy, despite the Night Courtβs βprogressiveβ image. Rhysandβs half-measures to reform the Illyrian camps highlight how power structures within his own territory remain deeply flawed, reflecting how nations often mask internal injustices while promoting an external image of equality.
Meanwhile, Tamlinβs actions, often criticized as controlling toward Feyre, can also be viewed through the lens of wartime politics, where leaders must sometimes make unpopular decisions to safeguard key political figures (in this case, Feyre, who has become an asset in the larger war against Hybern). Rather than villainy, Tamlinβs behavior reflects the heavy hand of political realism, forced to balance personal emotion with national security.
Finally, Hybernβs invasion of Prythian cements ACOTAR as a book about imperialism and anti-colonial resistance. Hybern operates as a classic imperial power, seeking to subjugate Prythian and the human lands through military conquest and magical dominance. The courtsβ eventual unification to fight Hybern in ACOWAR mirrors the formation of political coalitions in times of global threat, echoing alliances formed during major world wars.
Far from being a simple fantasy romance, A Court of Thorns and Roses is deeply entangled in politics at every levelβfrom inter-court rivalries and covert operations to class struggles and gendered power structures. The power struggle between the Spring and Night Courts, the secretive operations of Rhysandβs Inner Circle, the manipulation of Feyre as a political pawn, and the wider war against Hybern all reveal ACOTAR as a political allegory wrapped in fantasy.
The narrative asks readers to interrogate how power operates: who holds it, how it is exercised, and who suffers in the process. When viewed through this lens, ACOTAR becomes a story about political survival, statecraft, and propaganda, where Tamlin, despite his flaws, becomes a symbol of traditional leadership crushed beneath the weight of newer, darker political tactics deployed by the Night Court. In this way, Maas has crafted a world that is as much about political warfare as it is about magic and romance.
All this to say, yes ACOTAR is built on politics, you cannot say "let's not make this political!!" When the very core of the book is democracy and politics.