Jeden Tag Deutsch

These are all different forms of “gut” that are formed when declining the adjective so that it’s gender and number matches that of the noun that it is describing. 

No, not always. I’m not completely sure on this, but H is often if not always pronounced when it is used as a consonant, but sometimes it is silent when it is paired with a vowel and thereby making that vowel long. For example the first H is “Höhle” is pronounced but the second “h” signifies that the vowel is long (Höhle vs Hölle). 

Roasted sausage: die Bratwurst

Broccoli: der Brokkoli

Peas: die Erbsen

Fish: der Fisch

Chicken: das Hähnchen

Potatoes: die Kartoffeln

Cheese: der Käse

Cabbage: der Kohl

Carrots: die Möhren

Mushrooms: die Pilze

Rice: der Reis

Beef: das Rindfleisch

Sauerkraut: das Sauerkraut

Ham: der Schinken

Pork: das Schweinefleisch

Bacon: der Speck

Spinach: der Spinat

Onions: die Zwiebeln

Beer: das Bier

Coffee: der Kaffee

Carbonated Drink: die Limonade

Milk: die Milch

Red/white wine: der Rotwein, Weißwein

Tea: der Tee

Yes, I totally agree about the translation of Zungenbrecher.  I had never heard of Jawbreaker when I queued that post, but I assumed that maybe it was a regional difference.  I will edit the post.