Мох

It's essentially:

Find two versions of the episode: one 'clean' to download and add the subs to, and one with Chinese subs to help with the translations. (Beyond Ep. 5, I'm not sure where I'll find the latter...)

Watch through the episode with Chinese subs, translating as I go and writing the lines down in a notes app. I use a combination of my existing knowledge of Chinese, Google Translate, Reverso Context, and research on Baidu.

Watch the episode again, this time checking and adjusting the translations to fit the time frame of the voice lines. Usually, the translation is too long, and I need to simplify it or cut out a part entirely. For especially tricky lines, I might also look at the English dub to see how they're translated there.

With translations finalized, I open the subbing software (Aegisub)! The opening and credits song are copy-pasted in bulk, and the episode itself goes in line by line. I use the audio visualization tool to determine when to start and end each subtitle. There are also little rules I follow---e.g. add an extra 0.2 seconds after a line is finished being spoken, if there isn't another coming right after.

Final rewatch of the subtitles on top of the 'clean' episode to check for timing, missed lines, etc.

Export the file as .srt and use Happyscribe to combine it with the clean episode.