foul magic

Stolas, Great Prince of Hell Andras, Great Marquis of Hell Duke Agares, Commander of 31 Demon Legions Abraxas, Ruler of Heretical Basilidians Caim, Commander of Over 30 Demon Legions

12th century astrological symbols by Artephius—reprinted in Francois Ribadeau Dumas’ Grimoires et Rituels Magiques (1972), Frinellan’s Le Triple Vocabulaire Infernal Manuel du Demonomane (1844), Jerome Cardan’s De rerum varietate (1557), and The Red Dragon and The Black Hen (1521).

Monstrous witch on a broom, Cornelis Saftleven

GOYA, Francisco (1746-1828)

The face of the antichrist from Orvieto Cathedral, 1501 by Luca Signorelli

“Then I saw another beast that rose out of the earth; it had two horns like a lamb and it spoke like a dragon. It exercises all the authority of the first beast on its behalf, and it makes the earth and its inhabitants worship the first beast, whose mortal wound had been healed. It performs great signs, even making fire come down from heaven to earth in the sight of all; and by the signs that it is allowed to perform on behalf of the beast, it deceives the inhabitants of earth, telling them to make an image for the beast that had been wounded by the sword and yet lived; and it was allowed to give breath to the image of the beast so that the image of the beast could even speak and cause those who would not worship the image of the beast to be killed. Also it causes all, both small and great, both rich and poor, both free and slave, to be marked on the right hand or the forehead, so that no one can buy or sell who does not have the mark, that is, the name of the beast or the number of its name.”

— Revelation 13:11–17

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Saint Michael vanquishing Satan

missal and book of hours, Lombardy c. 1385-1390