Fresh Life

Vote now for Ship of the Year by liking and reblogging your OTP here on Tumblr! Remember, notes = votes, so  be sure to show your favorite ship some love and tune into the 2016 @mtvfandom​ Awards on July 24th at 8/7c to see who wins!

— best sign ever, outside the Leonardo da Vinci museum in Ortigia, Sicily. 

NO COMPLAINING ALLOWED

Offenders are subject to a feeling of victimhood with consequent worsening of mood and decreased ability to solve problems.

The penalty is doubled if the violation occurs in the presence of children.

To maximize your potential, you must focus on your own skills and not you own limitations then:

I hope that this post makes it easier to find what you are looking for!

General

Community: lang-8, SharedLingo, Livemocha, unilang, LingQ, gospeaky

<10 languages: languagehelpers, Miscositas, SayJack, languagereef, saysomethingin, languagerealm 10-20 languages: languages online, elanguageschool, linguanaut, learnlangs, speak7, languageguide, ielanguages, learnalanguage, nativlang, rocketlanguages 20-50 languages: FSI Language Courses, surfacelanguages, BBC, +50 languages: Learn101, Omniglot, UniLang, the joint language university, Göthe Verlag, iLanguages, loecsen, parleremo, polymath, mylanguages, 101languages, digitaldialects, Language Materials Project Conjugation: verbix, conjuguemos, Cooljugator Interactive learning: Busuu, Duolingo, Memrise, languagepod101, babadum Pronunciation: Forvo Listening: Easy Languages, Dingo Lingo, bookboxinc, Fluentu, lyricstraining, mamalisa Reading: bliubliu, multilingualbooks, lingvist, Project Gutenberg, polyglotproject, grimmstories, lonweb, interlinearbooks Test & Exercises: göthe-verlag Vocabulary: Most common words, Anki, internetpolyglot, Word Frequency Lists, ASJP Grammar & Spelling checker: languagetool

Here’s my dictionary masterpost!

Afrikaans

Dictionaries: rieme PDF: Grammar of Afrikaans Websites: easyafrikaans, wespeke, heinsuniverse, wikibooks Youtube: learn afrikaans, STEOHENSTONE

Albanian

Dictionaries: argjiro PDF: Albanian Grammar, Peace Corps Albanian, Grammatical Sketch Websites: learnalbanianlanguage, utexas, albanianoverview, Youtube: learnalbanianonline, violagj, Learn Albanian by IALC Group

Amharic

Dictionaries: amharicdictionary, abyssinica PDF: Amharic Basic Course 1, Amharic Basic Course 2 Websites: amharicteacher, learnamharic.ning, learn amharic!, learnamharicnow, amharic.com Youtube: Learn Amharic Ethiopian Language, Learning Amharic Language, MsBissirat

Arabic

Dictionaries: arabdict, almaany, firdaous, lisaanmasry (egyptian), PDF: the Arabic Alphabet, Easy Arabic Grammar, Verbs & Grammar, Colloquial Levantine Arabic, FSI Arabic

Peace Corps Arabic (Chad)

Peace Corps Arabic (Jordanian Arabic Grammar)

Peace Corps Arabic (Mauritania): Hassaniya Grammar Lessons, Grammar

Peace Corps Arabic Moroccan Arabic Textbook

Peace Corps Arabic (Tunisia)

Websites: talkinarabic, arabiconline, learningarabic, salaamarabic, learnarabiconline, madinaharabic, arabic-studio, arabic-alphabet, arabic-course, desert-sky, learning.aljazeera.net, Egyptian Arabic Grammar, SpeakDziri Youtube: Learn Arabic with Maha, Arabic for beginners, arabicpod101, learn lebanese arabic, NassraArabicMethod.com, learn arabic, everyday arabic, Saifi Institute For Arabic Language, ArabicWithNadia, learnarabiclanguage

Armenian

Dictionaries: nayiri, english2armenian PDF: Armenian for everyone, Eastern Armenian for the English-speaking World, Peace Corps Armenian Websites: Armenian Language Lessons, arak29, little Armenia, Aybuben Youtube: Garegin Avetisyan, Karim Musallam           Reading: Haybook. Armenian ebooks

Basque

Dictionaries: elhuyar, euskaltzaindia PDF: Course of Basque, A brief grammar of Euskara Websites: Habe Ikasbil, Hiru, A Brierf Grammar of Euskara Youtube: Learning Basque

Bengali

Dictionaries: bdword, english-bangla PDF: Peace Corps Bengali Websites: Learn to Read Bengali, bangla bolo, virtualbangladesh, bengali podcasts, bangalinet, wikibooks, mybengali, bangla-online Youtube: Enchantress, talkingbees, Barnamala Online Bengali School- BOBS, Learn the Bengali Language

Bulgarian

Dictionaries: diri PDF: FSI Bulgarian (1) (2), Peace Corps Bulgarian, Bulgarian Grammar, Frase Book Bulgaria Travel, Basic Course Websites: Elementary On-Line Bulgarian Grammar, blazingbulgaria, bulgarianlessons, learn-bulgarian.net, Easy Bulgarian, Bulgarian grammar drills Youtube: Merli Uchida, Vasil Todorov, Learn Bulgarian Easily, bulgarianpod101, I learn Bulgarian (Аз уча български)

Burmese

Dictionaries: burmese-dictionary, myordbok PDF: elementary hand-book of the Burmese language Websites: The Free Online Burmese Lessons, seasite, Learn Burmese online, salika, Burmese Script, University of London Youtube: Burmese Lesson, Prof. Bo, maung Lu, BurmeseLanguage, myanducation’s channel, Kenneth Wong, fissace

Cantonese

Dictionaries: cantodict PDF: Basic Cantonese, FSI Cantonese (1) (2) Websites: Learn Cantonese, Learn Cantonese 學廣東話, Cantonese Lessons, Learn Cantonese with Free Lessons, popupcantonese, hkmz, Cantonese Podcasts, wikibooks Youtube: EZCantonese, Cantonese Lessons, LearnCantoneseFast, CarlosDouh, cantoneseclass101

Czech

Dictionaries: seznam, slovnik PDF: Grammar of Czech as a foreign language, Czech Grammar, FSI Czech Websites: ilearnczech, locallingo, the little czech primer, czech grammar, Outline of Czech Grammar, czech-in-prague, wikibooks Youtube: onlineczech, Learn Czech Online, Learn Czech with Rich, czechclass101 CCE: Czech Language Certificate Exam

Danish

PDF: Danish, an essential grammar Websites: Danish Grammar, speak danish, Danish Grammar for English Speakers, copenhagencast Youtube: Danish Lessons with Marty, Danishclass101, TheDanishLessons

Dutch

Dictionaries: mijnwoordenboek, woordenlijst, vandale PDF: Dutch: a comprehensive grammar, Dutch: an essential grammar Websites: learndutch.nu, learndutch.org, taalthuis, dutchgrammar, heardutchhere, dutch for kids Youtube: Learn Dutch With Rozemarijn, learndutch, OnlineDutchLessons, dutchpod101    Conjugation: verbuga Reading: wikikids, kinderverhalen, 1001korteverhalen Listening: 2bdutch

English

Dictionaries: yourdictionary, Dictionary of Unusual Words PDF: Oxford guide to English grammar Websites: English as a Second Language Podcast, english grammar, english banana, perfect-english-grammar, learn-english-online, learnenglish, learnenglish-online, alison Youtube: Voice & Accent Training, Daily Video Vocabulary, Learn English with Let’s Talk, Englishclass101 Grammar & Spelling checker: spellcheckplus

Esperanto

Dictionaries: majstro Websites: lernu, esperanto-chicago, esperantofre, The Sixteen Rules of Esperanto Grammar Youtube: American Esperantist

Estonian

Dictionaries: dictionary.ee, dukelupus, eki.ee PDF: The Estonian Language, Grammatical Case in Estonian Websites: engetranslations, keeleklikk, panglosskool, Estonian language blog, Estonian Language Course, Estonian Morphology Guide Youtube: Little Miss Squirrel

Farsi

Dictionaries: dictionary-farsi, farsidic PDF: FSI Spoken Persian, Persian for Beginners, Websites: easypersian, PersianDee, jahanshiri, learn-persian, persian language online, Persian Online, Virtual Persian, Let’s Learn Persian, persian grammar guide, chaiandconversation Youtube: Farsi Wizard, Farsi or Persian, Persian Online Academy, Reza Nazari, persianpod101

Finnish

Dictionaries: kaannos, fincd, ilmainensanakirja PDF: FSI Conversational (Textbook) (Workbook), Finnish for Beginners Websites: uuno, tavataan taas, uusi kielemee, a taste of finnish, venla, Finnish grammar, thefinnishteacher Youtube: inFinnish, finnishpod101 Reading: puhutaan-suomea

French

Dictionaries: linternaute PDF: French Pronunciation

Peace Corps French (Cameroon)

Peace Corps French (Mali)

FSI French (1) (2) (Belgium)

Websites: frenchstepbystep, french-today, french-online, talkinfrench, lingvist, frenchtutorial, bonjour, français interactif, the french experiment, frenchcrazy, frenchbyfrench, lawless french, tex’s french grammar, Allons!, phonetique Youtube: Alexa Polidoro, FRENCH FROM BEGINNERS TO ADVANCED, Comme une Française, YouLearnFrench, frenchpod101, Frencheezee Grammar & Spelling checker: bonpatron Reading: historiettes Listening: news in slow french

Fulani

PDF: Fula Basic Course, Peace Corps Pulaar (Mauritania) (Gambia), LEARNER’S GUIDE TO PULAR  Websites: Adamawa Fulfulde Youtube: FulanITales, Learn Fulani Online

Georgian

Dictionaries: translate.ge PDF: Georgian Grammar, Peace Corps Georgian, a learner’s grammar Websites: georgian-language, THE GEORGIAN LANGUAGE , georgianweb, georgian language & culture, funkygeorgian, Youtube: learn Georgian language, Georgian Language, საბავშვო არხი

German

Dictionaries: langenscheidt, duden PDF: FSI German (1) (2) Websites: german-grammar, deutsch-lernen, dw, umich, learn-german-easily, canoo, flageorgia, Basic German, germanlanguageguide, german.net Youtube: Deutsch für Euch, Lern Deutsch mit Herrn Antrim, germanpod101, DW – Deutsch lernen, Deutsch Lernen Conjugation: cactus2000 Reading: Leselupe, germanstories Listening: slowgerman, Kindergeschichten Goethe-Zertifikat: Goethe-Zertifikat TestDaF: What is the TestDaF?

Greek

Dictionaries: greek-language PDF: FSI Greek (1) (2) (3) Websites: filoglossia, greek grammar, kypros, greek language, Learning Greek Videos, agni, ellopos Youtube: linaaaap1, Christos, Papaloizos Publications - Learn Greek the Easy Way, greekpod101

Hausa

PDF: Introduction to the Hausa Language, Hausa Basic Course, Hausa Grammatical Sketch, Hausa language Websites: Teach Yourself Hausa, Hausa Basic Course, Youtube: MSUHausa, Hausa Lessons

Hebrew

Dictionaries: morfix PDF: FSI Hebrew Websites: teach me hebrew, hebrew, learn hebrew pod, free hebrew, hebrewverb, learn hebrew easily, do it in hebrew, hebrew-courses, Youtube: Matan Stein, Learn to Speak Hebrew, Ori Ben, bnaiorpueblo, hebrewpod101, eTeacherHebrew           Conjugation: hebrew-verbs

Hindi

Dictionaries: hindi-english PDF: Learn Hindi through English Websites: hindi grammar online, learning-hindi, virtual hindi, mind ur hindi, a door to hindi, hindilanguage, learn hindi online, hindiGym, hindikunj Youtube: LEARN HINDI with Anil Mahato, itwasnoteasy, CrazyLassi, Spoken Hindi, hindipod101, learn hindi through english Writing: Devanagari script tutor

Hungarian

Dictionaries: topszotar PDF: FSI Hungarian (1) (2), Practical Hungarian Grammar, Websites: hungarianreference, magyarora, hungarotips, hungarian-language-teacher, Hungarian Language Page, Let’s learn Hungarian, A Hungarian Language Course, wikibooks Youtube: HungarianProject, Teacher Hungarian, Eszter Gottschall, Dolores Kostić, Hungarian Lesson With Zsuzsi, survivinghungary, hungarianpod101

Icelandic

Dictionaries: snara PDF: The Syntax of Icelandic Websites: icelandiconline, icelandic grammar exercises, An Icelandic minigrammar, Viltu læra íslensku?, Icelandic Grammar Notebook, wikibooks Youtube: Cool Icelandic Lessons, TransparentIcelandic Conjugations & declensions: Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls

Indonesian

Dictionaries: kamus, sederet PDF: students guide to indonesian grammar, Peace Corps Indonesian (1) (2) (3), Understanding Indonesian Grammar Websites: bahasaKita, beginning Indonesian, Learning Indonesian Online, the indonesian way, Learning Bahasa Indonesia, bahasa-corner, seasite, indodic, learning Indonesian, wikibooks Youtube: iracarolina2001, learn indonesian, indonesianpod101

Irish

Dictionaries: focloir, potafocal PDF: how the language works, Websites: easy irish, daltai, irishlanguage.net, nualeargais, erinsweb, easyirish, gaeilge.ie Youtube: Speak Irish Now LLC, Easy Irish/Gaeilge/Gaelic, Transparent Irish, Irish Language Lessons, Dale Kelly, Gaelic Galore

Italian

Dictionaries: garzantilinguistica PDF: Modern Italian Grammar, Basic Italian, FSI Italian (1) (2) Websites: italian-online, oneworlditaliano, onlineitalianclub, la grammatica italiana, italianlanguageguide, cyberitalian, Free Internet Italian Grammar, zapitalian, iluss, Test your Italian on line, poliglo, italianizeyourself, mitspeakitalian, audibleitalian Youtube: Pensa in Italiano!, Italian for Beginners, italianpod101, Learn Italian with Lucrezia, Sgrammaticando Conjugation: italian-verbs, Coniuga i verbi Reading: ilnarrastorie, vikidia CILS / CELI: Esempi prove di esami, Italian Diploma exam samples, Diploma CILS

Japanese

Dictionaries: jisho, tangorin, PDF: Japanese Grammar Guide, An Introduction to Japanese Syntax, Grammar & Language, Let’s learn Japanese (1) (2) Websites: thejapanesepage, guidetojapanese, freejapaneselessons, learn-japanese-adventure, japaneseclass, nihongoichiban, Visualizing Japanese Grammar, marugotoweb, tofugu, jplang, eigo21 Youtube: LearningJapanese, japanesepod101 Writing: skritter, kanjidamage, kana-invaders, Kanji alive JLPT: jlpt.jp, jlpt-practice, jlptbootcamp, JLPT Level

Kannada

Dictionaries: shabdkosh PDF: kannada lesson, Kannada Manual, Websites: kannadabaruthe, Spoken Kannada, learn Kannada, languagereef Youtube: Learn Kannada Language, Learning Kannada

Kazakh

Dictionaries: lugat PDF: Peace Corps Kazakh Websites: Grammatical Sketch with Affix List, my astana, Kazakh phrasebook Youtube: Maksat Imangazi

Khmer

Dictionaries: angkor-planet, kheng PDF: FSI Cambodian (1) (2), Khmer Grammar Websites: seasite, naturalkhmer, Bong Thom, learnkhmernow, i speak khmer Youtube: CambodianSchool, Khmer Lesson, Khmer Lessons

Korean

Dictionaries: naver, daum, ybmallinall PDF: Korean From Zero 1, my korean 1, my korean 2, a grammar guide, FSI Korean Course (1) (2), Essential Grammar Websites: kosnet, talktomeinkorean, korean grammar plus, zkorean, howtostudykorean, soganguniversity, learnkoreanlp, korean language education center, Matthew’s Study & Reference Guide, cuk.edu, indiana, learnkorean, lets learn korean, berkeley university, learnkoreanlanguage, genkikorean, wikibooks, grammar dictionary, indiana.edu, korean-course, Youtube: KBS World TV, talktomeinkorean, Free Korean Lessons 101, fluentkorean, GO! Billy Korean, koreanclass101, 뽀로로 Conjugation: hangulsoup, dongsa TOPIK: TOPIK Guide, 날다람쥐

Latin

Dictionaries: latin-dictionary PDF: Beginner’s Latin Book, Latin for Beginners, New Latin Grammar Websites: Latin Grammar Resources, beginner’s latin, i learn latin, nugae latinae Youtube: latintutorial, The London Latin Course, Latin Lessons

Latvian

Dictionaries: letonika, dictionary PDF:  Latvian: an Essential Grammar, Peace Corps Latvian Websites: The Latvian Language, Latvian Grammar, learning latvian, Kursa satura rādītājs, learn latvian online Youtube: LearnLatvian, LatvianWords4u, Learning Latvian with Lienite

Lithuanian

Dictionaries: anglu-lietuviu, dict.lt PDF: A short grammar of Lithuanian Websites: saylabas, Lithuanian Language Lessons, debeselis, lithuanian out loud, Hermes Youtube: videomokykla, Learn Lithuanian, LithuaniaForYou, Lithuanian language, LTvideocourse

Mandarin

Dictionaries: dict.cn, linedict.com, mdbg PDF: Peace Corps Mandarin, FSI Chinese Websites: arch Chinese,  chinese-tools, yoyochinese, popupchinese, cctv, sinosplice, most commom characters, Basic Chinese, Intermediate Chinese, mitlearningchinese, chinesehacks, pinyinpractice Youtube: Fiona Tian, yangyang cheng, learnchinesewithemma, Chineseclass101, minnaxiao, learn chinese now Reading: chinesereadingpractice Writing: skritter HSK: Important HSK Test Practice Materials, HSK Vocabulary and Sample Tests, HSK tests levels 1-6, Past papers

Marathi

Dictionaries: shabdkosh Websites: my marathi learning, mind ur marathi, kaushiklele-learnmarathi, languagereef Youtube: APPUSERIESMARATHI, Kaushik Lele, Pioneers Education

Mongolian

Dictionaries: bolor-toli, englishmongolian PDF: Peace Corps Mongolian Websites: study mongolian, Mongolian Lessons, indiana.edu, funky mongolian Youtube: mongolianlanguage, MongolHel

Norwegian

Dictionaries: ordnett PDF: FSI Norwegian, An essential grammar Websites: Norwegian on the web, norwegianlanguage, sons of norway, norwegian4people, Stein på Stein, norwords Youtube: Norwegian Teacher - Karin, Learn Norwegian Naturally, Courses Norwegian, norwegianpod101

Polish

Dictionaries: ling.pl PDF: Polish Grammar, FSI Polish Course, Advanced Polish Websites: Mówić po polsku, course in the Polish language, skwierzyna, learn polish feel good, wikibooks Youtube: Polish For Beginners, Uczmy Się Polskiego (Let’s Learn Polish), Course of Polish, Kanał użytkownika learnpolisheu, polishpod101 Egzaminy Certyfikatowe z Języka Polskiego jako Obcego: info

Portuguese

Dictionaries: portuguesedictionary PDF: FSI Brazilian Portuguese (1) (2), Phrasebook Websites: easyportuguese, oneness, tá falado, Brazilian Portuguese Grammar Guide, portugueselanguageguide, learn portuguese with rafa, learning portuguese, sonia-portuguese Youtube: EuroPortuguese LA, Practice Portuguese, Tradutex Portuguese Lessons, ILearn Portuguese, Beto Dias Channel, portuguesepod101

Punjabi

Dictionaries: ijunoon, shabdkosh PDF: A Reference Grammar of Punjabi, A START IN PUNJABI, How to learn Punjabi Websites: learnpunjabi, Overview of Punjabi Grammar, wikibooks, maa.com.au Youtube: Hardeep Singh, Speak Punjabi Lessons, Panti Akhar

Romanian

Dictionaries: dictionare PDF: Romanian Grammar, FSI Romanian Grammar, Romanian: an essential grammar Websites: rolang, romanian lessons, learnro, easy romanian Youtube: LearnRomanian WithNico, QuickRomanian, rolangschool, Learn Romanian, Romanian Language Quickies      

Russian

Dictionaries: multitran PDF: A Comprehensive Russian Grammar, A Basic Modern Russian Grammar, Russian Grammar, FSI Russian Course Websites: masterrussian, learn russian step by step, russianforeveryone, yesrussian, study-languages-online, russianlessons, learn-russian, funrussian, russianforfree, russian-translation-pros, worddive Youtube: ROU Russian, funrussian, Antonia Romaker, Easy Russian, R for Russian, learn russian easily, Ru-land, Russian grammar, russianpod101, Listening: rutube, bestrussiantv, top-russian-movies TORFL: Training tests

Serbo-Croatian

Dictionaries: hrvatski-rjecnik (Croatian) PDF: FSI Serbo-Croatian (1) (2), A Handbook of Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian, Websites: serbianlesson, srpskibre, International Serbian Language Course, funky serbian, learn-croatian, easy-croatian, basic-croatian, visit-croatia Youtube: Learning Croatian, learning croatian, Learn Serbian, Learnserbian, monicacorbett26, learnserbianquickly, Lidija Novakovic      

Spanish

Dictionaries: spanishdict PDF: FSI Spanish (1) (2) (3) (4) (Puerto Rico) (Spain) (Latin America), Words and Phrases, Modern Spanish Grammar Websites: learn-spanish-online, Spanish Language & Culture, studyspanish, Spanish Grammar, Grammar Exercises, Spanish Grammar in Context, notes in spanish, bowdoin Youtube: Señor Hey, Butterfly Spanish, Maria Español, spanishpod101, Tu escuela de español, LightSpeedSpanish, Tio Spanish, ProfeDeELE.es Listening: newsinslowspanish Reading: cuentos infantiles, cuentos para chicos Grammar & Spelling checker: spanishchecker DELE: Description of DELE

Swahili

PDF: FSI Swahili Websites: Swahili language & culture, Kiswahili kwa Komputa, kiswahili.net, the swahili coast, learn kiSwahili, swahili website, magical kenya Youtube: swahili101, Tuwaze mawazo, swahilipod101

Swedish

Dictionaries: tyda, ord PDF: FSI Swedish Course, Jag lär mig svenska Websites: Swedish Grammar, onlineswedish, swedishlesson, worddive, lysator Youtube: LearningSvenska, Swedish2go, GoSwedish, swedishpod101, the swedish lad

Tagalog

Dictionaries: pinoydictionary, tagalog-dictionary PDF: Peace Corps Tagalog, Essential Tagalog Grammar Websites: learningtagalog, seasite.niu, learn-tagalog, tagaloglang, pinoydirectory, Tagalog Phrases Youtube: learntagalog, Learn Tagalog with Fides, Tagalog Made Easy, alanmillet, filipinopod101

Tamil

Dictionaries: tamildict, shabdkosh PDF: Colloquial Tamil, A Grammar of modern Tamil, Tamil Morphology, Basic Lessons Websites: thetamillanguage, ibiblio, Tamil Grammar, TamilO, A Grammar of Spoken Tamil, learning-tamil, tamil tutor, tamilcube, languagereef Youtube: desidame4eva, MagicBox Tamil ELS Kids Channel, செல்லமே செல்லம்

Telugu

Dictionaries: telugudictionary, andhrabharati, telugupedia PDF: Conversational Telugu Websites: learningtelugu, languagereef, classle, telugubasha, telugu website Youtube: Learn Telugu through English, Krishna Krish, Easy Learning Ways.com

Thai

Dictionaries: linedict, thai2english PDF: FSI Thai Course (1) (2) (Grammar), Thai Grammar Websites: kruuweeteachthai, learningcentre, learnthaiwithmod, speakingthai, slice-of-thai, thai-language, Fundamentals of the Thai Language, Thai Basic Reader, speak real Thai Youtube: ThaiwithMod, kruuweeteachthai, thaipod101, Thai Language Hut School, learn2speakthai, My Thai Language School, learningthai

Turkish

Dictionaries: seslisözlük, tureng PDF: FSI Turkish Course (1) (2), Turkish Grammar, teach yourself turkish Websites: turkishteatime, turkishbasics, totally-turkish, elon, turkishclass, easy-turkish, turkishlanguage, Turkish Test, learnturkish, I’m learning Turkish Youtube: Learn Turkish with Burcu, OnlineTurkishLessons, totallyturkish, turkishclass101

Urdu

Dictionaries: urduenglishdictionary, urduWord, urdu123 Websites: A door into Urdu, learnurdulanguage, Learn to Read Urdu, urdu-english Youtube: Learn Urdu with Muneeb, EDUCATION PYRAMID UAE, Mohammed Chughtai

Vietnamese

Dictionaries: tratu soha, viet dictionary, vdict PDF: FSI Vietnamese Course (1) (2), Colloquial Vietnamese, Basic Phrases, Introduction Websites: seasite, LEARN VIỆT, hoctiengviet-online, hanoilanguagetours, Learning Vietnamese Online Youtube: Learn how to speak Vietnamese, Learn Vietnamese With Annie, Vietnamese for Beginners, Vietnamesepod101

Welsh

Dictionaries: Geiriadur PDF: Some basic rules of Welsh grammar Websites: learn-welsh, Learn Welsh now, siaradcymraeg, Croeso: Beginners’ Welsh, A Welsh Course Youtube: Learn Welsh with Will, MyWelshTV, Welsh Plus, Learn Welsh, IkkyLee

Wolof

PDF: Wolof Lessons, Wolof Grammar, Wolof Grammar Manual Websites: wolofonline, UCLA Wolof Web Site, laaf.me Youtube: Moustapha Sarr

Xhosa

Dictionaries: gononda PDF: Xhosa Grammar, grammatical sketch Websites: Izifundo zesiXhosa, unisa, learnxhosa Youtube: XhosaKhaya

Yorùbá

Dictionaries: yourubadictionary, aroadeyorubadictionary PDF: FSI (Basic) (Intermediate), Yoruba: A Grammar Sketch Websites: Yorùbá Yé Mi, learn yoruba, Learning Yoruba, Yoruba Classroom Youtube: YorubaSpeaker, necksonUtube, Yoruba language tutorial for medical personnel, Learning Yoruba, IKWYSinteractive

Zulu

How Learning A New Language Changes Your Brain And Your Perception

Learning a foreign language opens us up to new experiences, work opportunities, and allows us to meet people we may never have otherwise. More than that, research has shown learning a language can also physically change brain structure and adjust perception.

When we learn a language, we create new neural pathways in our brain, which can lead to noticeable changes. The left hemisphere is generally believed to be the logical part of the brain and is where many of our language skills originate. However, a 2012 Swiss study observed that learning a foreign language later in life is associated with thickening of the cerebral cortex — a layer of neurons specifically responsible for memory, thought, consciousness and, of course, language. This increased thickness can lead to better memory and sharper thinking later in life.

Learning a new language doesn’t just change the physical makeup of the brain. Based on a theory known as linguistic relativity, learning a new language can also change the way we see the world. This is specifically true in relation to our color perception. For example, Japanese speakers have far more words to describe the color blue, and as a result are generally able to see more shades of blue than English speakers. On the other side of the spectrum, the Himba tribe of Namibia in Southern Africa have only five words to describe all the colors in the world. Researchers have observed that, without a word for the color blue, the Himba struggle to tell it apart from green — an easy feat for English speakers.

More TMI - I passed a MASSIVE clot after my fourth birth. At this point I already knew this could happen - it’s normal. What I DIDN’T know, was that I had caused it.

My post birth contractions were so bad after the birth that it felt like full transition labor. And they don’t give you anything for the pain. So I used a hot water bottle, without the nurses knowing, and it caused me to bleed even more. I lost so much blood that by the first time they sat me up to go to the bathroom, I fainted. It took three more tries until I could sit up.

Anyway, that’s not the point. The point is, the next morning I passed a clot the SIZE OF ANOTHER PLACENTA I KID YOU NOT, and I know what is and is not normal. So I called for the nurse and through the door told her I had passed a huge clot, and her response was - “It’s not big. I know what big is.” She hadn’t even looked. So I rolled my eyes and said, “Yeah, no. It’s big, I’m telling you.”

So, sounding extremely put upon, she asked me to open the door. I did, and after a long pause she goes, “Okay, yeah, that’s a little big.”

YOU DON’T SAY.

The point I’m trying to get across is that this shit is so common - women not knowing this stuff is so expected, and it keeps getting reinforced. People don’t expect you to know anything, don’t teach you anything, and then make you feel like you’re totally ignorant and a burden for your lack of knowledge when THEY WON’T SHARE.

Fucking learn EVERYTHING you can when it comes to childbirth, girls. It is the single most empowering thing you can do for yourself. And if you missed something, that’s okay. But the more knowledge you arm yourself with, the more in control of your situation you’ll be.

A few post partum tips:

DON’T use a hot water bottle - lol.

ONLY pads - NO tampons. Tampons can cause severe infection, not to mention, you probably don’t want to be shoving anything up there any time soon.

If you’ve had stitches, sitz baths DO help relieve the pain. Another great pain reliever? Dampen some pads and freeze them. Let one thaw slightly and use it on top of another pad. This will help with the pain as well as reduce swelling. Change the pad out as soon as it’s thawed completely. This REALLY helps on the first couple days after giving birth.

If you pass a clot, don’t sweat it. Even the one I passed, which was fucking massive, just required that we keep an eye out to make sure it didn’t happen again. If it does, talk to your doctor.

Take a pain killer half an hour before nursing. Because YES - your uterus is contracting after you give birth, to get back to its original size, and nursing causes much stronger contractions. Taking nursing-safe painkillers won’t prevent the pain, but it will reduce it. 

Buy disposable underwear for the first few days after birth. They will get VERY dirty. Or use your ratty old pairs that you’re ready to get rid of. Double up on pads - line them all the way up your ass-crack. I am so serious. And wear dark pants.

Pee in the shower. You do NOT want to wipe down there right after birth because ow. Peeing in the shower lets you just rinse afterwards. Especially if you’ve had stitches, peeing in the shower, with the shower-head rinsing AS you go, keeps stinging to a minimum. And fuck everyone else - keep on peeing in the shower until you feel ready to move back to toilet paper. Middle of the night and need to pee? Get your pants off - get in the shower and just go.

IME bags of frozen peas in your underwear with proper covering (you don’t want to get frostbite) are the best sort of cold compress.

Those contractions during nursing?  They are v v important.  They shrink your uterus, helping your body get back to normal faster (and helping you pass blood quicker).  They hurt.  Keep drinking red raspberry leaf tea (which hopefully you drank during your third trimester).  It should help not only with the contractions, but with your milk supply as well.  Take a nursing-safe NSAID if you can.

REST.  I know this is especially hard for people who are already parents, for poor folk, for people with a ton of responsibilities in general.   This is when you call in the cavalry, if you’re lucky enough to have support.  FRIENDS AND FAM of birthing persons, leave the parent alone with their baby.  Do a load of dishes.  Pick up.  Check to make sure the parent has their baby supplies handy (as in, within reach).  Bring them food.  The more they rest, the faster their body heals, and the shorter the bleeding period will be.  If it tapers off and then ramps back up, YOU’RE DOING TOO MUCH.  Slow down.  This is the perfect time to learn that, as a parent, you can’t do it all.  Always prioritise your kid.  If there’s one time you’re allowed to just let shit go, it’s during your babymoon.  (Google is telling me babymoon now means a trip you take with your partner before you have your baby.  What.  No.  “Babymoon” means the first week after your birth.  When the hell did that switch happen?)   REST.  REST.  HOLD YOUR BABY.  SLEEP.  NURSE.  EAT.  This bonding time is imperative.  You and your baby deserve this time.

1. We need better sex education.

2. We need nurses to perform postpartum follow-up calls. Home health and well baby home check ups should be the standard of care for all new first time moms.

3. Don’t assume people who work in healthcare know things from nursing school/med school. I’m a telemetry nurse I don’t know shit about OB. Additionally we all know that when you are sick you forget everything.

4. Not sure if your patient knows the discharge teaching? TEACH BACK. Nursing teaching 101 make the patient teach you to ensure they know what to expect.

HOLY COW. I AM SPEECHLESS.

 I cannot believe this. I am SO HAPPY. I am so happy that J.K. Rowling has given her blessing to how we view Hermione. I am so happy that she will be black in the Cursed Child. I am overwhelmed with good feelings. 

For us students, Sunday is universally hated day. Full of last minute homework assignments, cramming for tests and existential crises, Sundays are almost always awful. Nothing is worse than having a stressful start to your week so in an effort to make things easier for all us, I made a Sunday Checklist for you get your life in order on Sundays so that you don’t get swept away by your mountain of responsibilities. 

Pull out your planner: Enter in all test dates and due dates that haven't already been inputed. Check to see what you have going on that week. 

Make a to-do list: Include all assignments due Monday/Tuesday and anything else you need to get done. Highlight or mark high priority items and get them done first. 

Start working: Finish high priority assignments first and then move on to the less pressing tasks. Use the Pomodoro technique to keep yourself productive. 

Review material: After finishing your assignments, spend some time reviewing last week’s material for each class to refresh yourself. It’s easy to forget what you’re studying if you don’t touch your textbooks at all during the weekends. 

Clean out your bag: Empty your backpack and reorganize everything for the week. You’ll be amazed at how much trash and stray papers you’ll find. 

Make food for the week: If you’re like me and hate cafeteria food, make a few dishes and refrigerate them for the week. Pasta is an ideal choice for me because its not only fairly easy to make but it packs lots of calories for long school days. 

Pick out your outfits for the week: Doing this will make your morning so much easier because literally all you have to do is get yourself dressed. 

Laundry: Getting laundry done during the week usually never happens with a busy schedule so get it done on Sunday night so you’re not scrambling for clothes mid-week. 

Clean your room: Keep your sanity during week by tidying your room up during weekends so you’re not left wondering where that homework assignment disappeared to. 

If you find yourself having really busy weekdays, try your best to keep Sundays free of any commitments so you have a full day to get all your homework and studying for the week done! I usually get everything done on Sundays and do minimal studying during the week. Also push yourself to get up early on Sundays; I know its tempting to sleep in but you will be surprised at how much more time you have in your day when you wake up early. 

Here’s to a happy school year free of stress!