Aggregate is sand and/or rocks, and adding it to the mix makes the finished product stronger. That's why we make some buildings out of concrete (not out of cement alone).

Directions

길을 잃었어요.

Literal = I’ve lost directions.

= I’m lost.

길을 잃은 것 같아요.

Literal = I think I’ve lost directions.

= I think I’m lost.

여기가 어디죠?

Literal = Where is here?

= Where am I?

제가 지금어디에있죠?

(At) where am I now?

실례합니다, 길좀여쭤볼게요.

Literal = Pardㅐn me, let me ask you some directions.

길좀알려주시겠어요?

Literal = Could you please tell me the directions?

홍대까지어떻게 가나요?

How do I get to Hongdae?

거리이름이뭐죠?

What’s the name (of) the street?

이/저빌딩이름이붜죠?

What’s the name (of) this/that building?

걸어서 갈 수 있나요?

Can I go by walking?

= Is it within walking distance?

걸어서 얼마나 걸릴까요?

How long would it take by walking?

20분/한시간정도걸립니다.

It takes about 20 minutes / 1 hour(s).

걸어서 가기에는 너무 멀어요.

Literal = It’s too far to go by walking.

= It’s too far to walk there.

가까운거리예요.

It’s a close/near distance.

아주가까워요/멀어요.

(It’s) very close/far (from here).

직진하세요.

Literal = Do a going straight.

= Go straight.

이쪽으로쭉가세요.

Keep going (to) this way.

이 방향으로 계속 가세요.

Continue going (to) this direction.

이쪽으로/저쪽으로가야하나요?

Should I go (to) this way/that way?

세 블록 후왼쪽/오른쪽입니다.

After 3 blocks, it’s (on) the left/right.

지하철 말고 다른 방법은없나요?

Isn’t there another way besides subway?

근처에 화장실이 있나요?

Is there a restroom nearby?

홍대로 가는법좀알려주세요.

Please tell me how to get (to) Hongdae.

홍대까지가는길을알고싶어요.

I’d like to know the directions to get to Hongdae.

왼쪽으로/오른쪽으로가세요.

Go (to) left/right.

이쪽입니다/저쪽입니다.

It’s this way/that way.

바로 근처예요.

It’s right nearby.

여기/저기있네요.

Here/there it is.

길을 따라 내려가세요.

Go down along the road.

우체국지나서있어요.

It’s past the post office.

도와주셔서감사합니다.

Thanks for helping (me). / I appreciate your help.

첫째/둘째골목으로들어가세요.

Go into the first/second alley.

우체국 맞은편에 있어요.

It’s across from the post office.

우체국 바로 뒤에 있어요.

It’s right behind the post office.

우체국 바로 옆에 있어요.

It’s right next to the post office.

세모 빌딩 3층입니다.

Literal = It’s floor 3, Semo building.

저도모르겠어요.

I don’t know, either.

저분/이분에게물어보세요.

Ask (to) that/this gentleman/lady.

정확하지는않아요.

It’s not accurate/exact.

저도 그방향으로갑니다.

I’m going (to) that way/direction too.

혹시 이 주소를아시나요?

Do you know this address, by any chance?

혹시 이 건물이 어디있는지 아시나요?

Do you know where this building is, by any chance?

제가맞게찾아왔나요?

Literal = Did I come correctly?

= Did I come to the right place?

초행이라잘모르겠어요.

I’m not quite sure because it’s my first time (coming here).

제가 안내해 드릴게요.

I will guide you.

바로찾으실거예요.

Literal = You will find it immediately.

= You can’t miss it.

A와B사이에있습니다.

It’s between A and B.

저를 따라 오세요.

Please follow me.

한 번 더 설명해 주세요.

Please explain it to me one more time.

병원을 찾고 있습니다.

I’m looking for a hospital.

약도를그려주시겠어요?

Could you draw a rough map, please?

이 지도에서 현재 위치가어디인가요?

Where is the current location from this map?

블록을끼고우회전/좌회전하세요.

Turn right/left onto the block.

약도를그려드릴게요.

I will draw a rough map for you.

방금지나친것같아요.

I think we just passed it.

조금 더 가야 해요.

We need to go a little more.

여기지리를잘아시나요?

Literal = Do you know the geography here well?

= Are you familiar with this area?

지름길이 있나요?

Is there a shortcut?

어느 쪽인가요?

おけいこ

practice; training

毎週土曜日は茶道のお稽古に通っている。 まいしゅう どようび は さどう の おけいこ に かよって いる。 I go to tea ceremony practice every Saturday.

An illustration of a cup of Lignum nephriticum from Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution 1915.

Wikipedia explains:

“Lignum nephriticum (Latin for “kidney wood”) is a traditional diuretic that was derived from the wood of two tree species, the narra (Pterocarpus indicus) and the Mexican kidneywood (Eysenhardtia polystachya). The wood is capable of turning the color of water it comes in contact with into beautiful opalescent hues that change depending on light and angle, the earliest known record of the phenomenon of fluorescence.”

The creation of this type of infusion and use as a diuretic arose independently in both Aztec culture and in the Philippines.

European Adder (Viperia berus), family Viperidae, Sweden

Venomous.

Day 7: Asking questions with mi/mı/mu/mü

This word is added at the end of a sentence to form a question. The rules of 4-way vowel harmony apply with the last vowel of the preceding word. When applicable, the personal suffix is added after mi/mı/mu/mü , and also harmonises based on the form used.

☪︎ ı, a > mı

☪︎ i, e > mi

☪︎ u, o > mu

☪︎ ü, ö > mü

Examples

☪︎ Ekmek mi? (Is it bread?)

☪︎ Süt mü? (Is it milk?)

☪︎ Tost mu? (Toasted sandwich?)

☪︎ Balık mı? (Is it fish?)

With personal suffixes

☪︎ Ben: -mıyım / miyim / muyum / müyüm

☪︎ Sen: -mısın / misin / musun / müsün

☪︎ O: -mı / mi / mu / mü (no personal suffix)

☪︎ Biz: -mıyız / miyiz / muyuz / müyüz

☪︎ Siz: -mısınız / misiniz / musunuz / müsünüz

☪︎ Onlar: -mı / mi / mu / mü (no personal suffix)

Examples

☪︎ Ben bir avukat mıyım? (Am I a lawyer)

☪︎ Sen mutlu musun? (Are you happy?)

☪︎ Onlar polis mi? (Are they police?)

☪︎ O öğrenci mi? (Is he a student?)

☪︎ Siz hemşire misiniz? (Are you nurses?)

Today's phrase is "握れば拳開けば掌（nigireba kobushi hirakeba tenohira）".

【Vocabulary & Grammar】

1．握れば（にぎれば, nigireba） From the verb 握る（to grasp / to clench）. 〜れば is the conditional form meaning “if (you) grasp”.

２．拳（こぶし, kobushi） It means “fist.” Functions as the result of the conditional action.

３．開けば（ひらけば, hirakeba） From the verb 開く（to open）. Also in the conditional form.

４．掌（てのひら, tenohira） It means “palm of the hand.” Functions as the result of opening the hand.

Put together, 「握れば拳開けば掌」 means that the same thing can become harsh or gentle depending on your mindset or approach. It reminds us that our attitude shapes outcomes—clenched, it becomes conflict; open, it becomes kindness.

Even with the same hand, a clenched fist expresses anger, while an open, relaxed hand appears gentle. When we learn to look at things from different angles, new paths may begin to open before us.

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❁校風　（こうふう）：school tradition, school customs   保守的な校風

❁受講　（じゅこう）：attending a lecture　  講義を受講する

❁必修科目　（ひっしゅうかもく）：compulsory subject  アイルランドでは、アイルランド語は必修科目となっている。

❁講読　（こうどく）：to read something (academic) and discuss the contents  文献を講読する

❁博士　（はくし）：PhD

❁模範的　（もはんてき）：exemplary  　模範的な学生

❁非行　（ひこう）：delinquency, misconduct   非行に走る

❁先行研究　（せんこうけんきゅう）：previous research 

❁類推する　（るいすいする）：to infer  文の意味を類推する。

❁前書き　（まえがき）：preface 

❁てっきり：certainly, surely  てっきり一緒に来ると思った。

❁厳格　（げんかく）：strict, severe  彼は子供を躾けるのに厳格だった。

❁真心　（まごころ）：sincerity  真心を込めて料理をする。

❁即日　（そくじつ）：same day   即日発送可能な商品

❁大衆　（たいしゅう）：general public, the masses   彼は大衆にとても人気がある。

❁団結　（だんけつ）：union, teaming together 　団結に力なり。

❁典型的　（てんけいてき）：typical  風の典型的な症状

❁展望　（てんぼう）：view, outlook, prospect (both metaphorical and literal)   彼の今からの展望はあまり明るくない。

❁転送　（てんそう）：transfer, forwarding (of a message, call etc)   メールを転送する。

❁連覇　（れんぱ）：successive championships  この試合で優勝したら３連覇になる

❁補足　（ほそく）：supplementary  授業の最後に補足説明をする

❁意向　（いこう）：intention   意向を表明する

❁加入する　（かにゅうする）：to join, sign up to   保険を加入する

❁過疎　（かそ）：underpopulation 

❁完備する　（かんびする）：fully equip, fully furnish  この部屋はエアコンを完備しております。

❁断言する　（だんげんする）：assert, declare   彼は自分が正しいと断言した。

❁断念する　（だんねんする）：to give up    計画を断念する。

❁断面　（だんめん）：cross section (of something cut)

❁返却　（へんきゃく）：return of something borrowed   本を図書館に返却する。