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Reasons why Mandarin is MUCH EASIER than you think
Everyone's probably heard about what makes Mandarin hard (the tones, the characters, etc.). Well guess what? Mandarin is much easier in some regards as well:
1) Mandarin is S-V-O (subject-verb-object) just like English (e.g. 我吃饭 "I eat meal").
2) Mandarin has NO subject-verb agreement rule (e.g. 我跑，你跑，他跑，她跑 "I run, you run, he run, she run," not "he runs" and "she runs" because the verb never changes).
3) Mandarin has NO PLURALS (e.g. 一本书，两本书，三本书 "one book, two book, three book").
4) The NUMBERING SYSTEM IS STRAIGHTFORWARD and has no odd names like "eleven" and "twelve" (e.g. 10： 十，11： 十一， 12： 十二， 13： 十三).
5) Nationalities are SUPER EASY: just add the character for person 人after the name of the country. No need to remember which ones end in "-an" (Mexican), which end in "-ese" (Chinese), or which end in "-ish" (Irish). (e.g. 中国人 = Chinese person, 美国人 = American person, 日本人 = Japanese person).
6) Prepositions are SUPER EASY. The same preposition can be used in multiple ways, and preposition pairs with opposite meanings are always direct opposites with no exceptions (e.g. 上 = up, above, on top of, before, previous; 下 = down, below, underneath, after, next).
7) Mandarin has NO VERB TENSES (e.g. 我昨天去公园，我现在去公园，我明天去公园 "Yesterday I go to the park, right now I go to the park, tomorrow I go to the park").
8) Questions and answers are in the same order (e.g. 他是谁？ 他是John。 "He is who? He is John."). Simply replace the question word with the answer and leave the structure alone.
A lot of people get sketched out by the thought of the learning Mandarin cause of all the characters.
TIP to make life easier for yourself: Just learn to speak and to listen :)
Mandarin is extremely easy to speak and is a much simpler language than English.
Then, once you're decently proficient, you can start to learn to read and write if you want.
But no one said you need to learn to read :) Focus on learning to speak and to listen. You'll find that as you learn more and more, you'll just start recognizing characters!
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Have you ever wondered why there are so many Changs when the surname 常 is not actually that common? Have you ever struggled to figure out what sound “hs” is? Well don’t worry! Today we are going to go over some common practices in transliterating names from Taiwan.
With some recent discussion I’ve seen about writing names from the Shang-Chi movie, I thought this was the perfect time to publishe this post. Please note that this information has been compiled from my observations–I’m sure it’s not completely extensive. And if you see any errors, please let me know!
According to Wikipedia, “the romanized name for most locations, persons and other proper nouns in Taiwan is based on the Wade–Giles derived romanized form, for example Kaohsiung, the Matsu Islands and Chiang Ching-kuo.” Wade-Giles differs from pinyin quite a bit, and to make things even more complicated, transliterated names don’t necessarily follow exact Wade-Giles conventions.
Well, Wikipedia mentioned Kaohsiung, so let’s start with some large cities you already know of!
[1] B → P
台北 Taibei → Taipei
[2] G → K
[3] D → T
In pinyin, we have the “b”, “g”, and “d” set (voiceless, unaspirated) and the “p”, “k”, and “t” set (voiceless, aspirated). But in Wade-Giles, these sets of sounds are distinguished by using a following apostrophe for the aspirated sounds. However, in real life the apostrophe is often not used.
We need some more conventions to understand Kaohsiung.
[4] ong → ung (sometimes)
[5] X → Hs or Sh
高雄 Gaoxiong → Kaohsiung
I wrote “sometimes” for rule #4 because I am pretty sure I have seen instances where it is not followed. This could be due to personal preference, historical reasons, or influence from other romanization styles.
Now some names you are equipped to read:
王心凌 Wang Xinling → Wang Hsin-ling
徐熙娣 Xu Xidi → Shu/Hsu Hsi-ti (I have seen both)
黄鸿升 Huang Hongsheng → Huang Hung-sheng
龙应台 Long Yingtai → Lung Ying-tai
宋芸樺 Song Yunhua → Sung Yun-hua
You might have learned pinyin “x” along with its friends “j” and “q”, so let’s look at them more closely.
[6] J → Ch
[7] Q → Ch
范玮琪 Fan Weiqi → Fan Wei-chi
江美琪 Jiang Meiqi → Chiang Mei-chi
郭静 Guo Jing → Kuo Ching
邓丽君 Deng Lijun → Teng Li-chun
This is similar to the case for the first few conventions, where an apostrophe would distinguish the unaspirated sound (pinyin “j”) from the aspirated sound (pinyin “q”). But in practice these ultimately both end up as “ch”. I have some disappointing news.
[8] Zh → Ch
Once again, the “zh” sound is the unaspirated correspondent of the “ch” sound. That’s right, the pinyin “zh”, “j”, and “q” sounds all end up being written as “ch”. This can lead to some…confusion.
卓文萱 Zhuo Wenxuan → Chuo Wen-hsuan
陈绮贞 Chen Qizhen → Chen Chi-chen
张信哲 Zhang Xinzhe → Chang Shin-che
At least now you finally know where there are so many Changs. Chances are, if you meet a Chang, their surname is actually 张, not 常.
Time for our next set of rules.
[10] C → Ts
[11] Z → Ts
[12] Si → Szu
[13] Ci, Zi → Tzu
Again we have the situation where “c” is aspirated and “z” is unaspirated, so the sounds end up being written the same.
曾沛慈 Zeng Peici → Tseng Pei-tzu
侯佩岑 Hou Peicen → Hou Pei-tsen
周子瑜 Zhou Ziyu → Chou Tzu-yu
黄路梓茵 Huang Lu Ziyin → Huang Lu Tzu-yin
王思平 Wang Siping → Wang Szu-ping
Fortunately this next convention can help clear up some of the confusion from above.
[14] i → ih (zhi, chi, shi)
[15] e → eh (-ie, ye, -ue, yue)
Sometimes an “h” will be added at the end. So this could help distinguish some sounds. Like you have qi → chi vs. zhi → chih. There could be other instances of adding “h”–these are just the ones I was able to identify.
曾之乔 Zeng Zhiqiao → Tseng Chih-chiao
施柏宇 Shi Boyu → Shih Po-yu
谢金燕 Xie Jinyan → Hsieh Jin-yan
叶舒华 Ye Shuhua → Yeh Shu-hua
吕雪凤 Lü Xuefeng → Lü Hsueh-feng
Continuing on, a lot of the conventions below are not as consistently used in my experience, so keep that in mind. Nevertheless, it is useful to be familiar with these conventions when you do encounter them.
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