A bit more Age-Related Vocabulary (B-1)
Many Russian learners confuse старый and старший.
Старый means old, as an old man, or an old house.
Старший, or старшая refers to a an older sibling. Also, старший may refer to a person of a higher rank.
Его пёс такой же старый, как он сам. His dog is as old as he is.
Где твой старший брат? Where is your big brother?
Она работает старшей медсестрой в больнице. She works as a head nurse at a hospital.
There are two other confusing words молодой and младший.
Молодой simply means young.
Младший - means younger brother or sister, or about somebody of a junior rank.
В этом фильме играет очень молодой Шон Коннери. A very young Sean Connery plays in this movie.
Моя младшая сестра выходит замуж на следующей неделе! My little sister is getting married next week!
Он был младшим помощником капитана. He was a junior assistant to the captain.
Please note, старший and младший do not make a comparative adjectives! For comparatives “older” or “younger” you should say старше or младше.
Муж старше жены на два года. The husband is two years older than his wife.
Она была младше него. She was younger than him.
Моложе is almost a complete synonym of младше, but моложе has a wider meaning. IT may refer to the age difference, but also to the appearance, to the way a person look.
Ты изменила причёску и стала выглядеть моложе! You look younger with the new hair style!
A word for adult or grown up in Russian is взрослый.
Твой сын стал совсем взрослым! Your son is all grown up now!
The opposite to it would be детский.
Она сохранила наивный детский взгляд. She retained her naïve childish look.
And a few more opposites. You probably know a word ребёнок, a child, or a baby, but there is also a word младенец, an infant.
Мадонна с младенцем - один из самых популярных сюжетов Европейской живописи. The Madonna and Child is one of the most popular subjects in European painting.
An old man in Russian is старик. And if it’s an old woman, it would be старуха. But if you ever call a woman старуха in her face, you’ll get yourself in trouble! Бабушка is a much more polite way to address an old woman.
Жили-были старик со старухой у самого синего моря. Once upon a time there lived an old man and an old woman by the blue sea.
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