hi!! idk if this is a question you're able to answer but you seem to know more than the average shifter about neuroscience and psychology so i thought i'd give it a shot. totally cool if you don't have an answer though!!
so i have DID, which obviously results in multiple personalities. if one alter shifts is that their own awareness or is it one awareness as we're still one body? i'm curious cause i'm not the only alter in our system who's a shifter and like. if one of us successfully shifts do the rest of us stay here or does our awareness only exist as one so we "all" shift at once?
thank you, i hope you're having a good day/night :)
Hey so I absolutely love that question! And hopefully Iâll be able to answer it!
Keep in mind, non of what Iâm about to say is intending to hurt you or anyone, and im genuinely sorry if Iâll say anything that makes you uncomfortable. My goal is simply to provide an objective answer to your questions based on our current knowledge of this condition.
Also, DID is one of the most misunderstood condition in psychology, and socially (even from some healthcare professionals and from some people who have this condition). Im not saying I know more about your own condition than you do, absolutely not, but that the following is based off scientific and medical evidence and that it may not reflect how social media present this condition.
That being said, I had to make a little bit of research to be able to answer your questions, because I never researched or studied DID specifically, but I found a lot of information that allows me to state the following (no I donât have any website sources written down particularly, but this is all publicly available and easily accessible information, for anyone interested).
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is portrayed in medias as if multiple completely separate people live inside one body, but itâs more nuanced. DID is not a person "having many brains" or many independent consciousnesses. It is a single human being whose normal sense of identity, memory and self became divided as an adaptation to overwhelming trauma during early childhood.
A baby is not born with a fully developed identity. During infancy and childhood, different emotional states exist separately. A young child can feel completely happy one moment and completely terrified the next without integrating those experiences into a stable sense of self.
As the brain matures, these different emotional and behavioral states gradually become connected. Memories become linked together as the emotions become integrated, and the child develops one continuous identity that feels like "meâ. (This process is called integration).
For most children, this integration happens naturally because they experience a relatively safe and predictable environments. Stressful events can usually be processed and incorporated into one coherent identity.
But for some children the situation is different. DID is believed to develop almost exclusively in children who experience repeated and severe trauma during the years when identity is still developing.
This trauma often includes chronic physical abuse, sexual abuse, severe neglect, emotional abuse, torture or other overwhelming experiences (especially when the caregiver is also the source of danger).
Because a young child cannot physically escape the trauma, the brain learns to psychologically escape instead. It âdissociateâ.
Dissociation is a natural survival mechanism built into the human brain, even that everyone dissociates to some degree. For example, someone driving home may suddenly realize they don't remember the last minutes of the drive, or a person absorbed in a movie may temporarily forget everything around them, etc.
But during overwhelming trauma dissociation becomes much stronger that the child's brain essentially separates awareness from the traumatic experience. (Awareness as in what they are currently aware of). Instead of integrating everything into one continuous identity, different experiences, emotions, memories and coping strategies become compartmentalized.
Rather than one integrated self developing, separate identity states emerge because âintegrationâ was interrupted.
These identity states are commonly called âaltersâ.
From a scientific perspective alters are not multiple people sharing one body, and they are not multiples personalities either. They are distinct organized patterns of memory, emotion, perception, behavior and self-awareness that developed within one brain (careful, âself-awarenessâ doesnât = awareness)
Each alter may specialize in handling particular situations. One may hold traumatic memories while another may function in everyday life, another may protect the individual during perceived danger, another may contain emotions such as fear, anger or sadness that became isolated from daily functioning.
This organization allowed the child to survive experiences that otherwise might have been psychologically unbearable.
Brain imaging studies support the idea that these identity states represent genuinely different patterns of brain functioning rather than âpeople pretendingâ. Basically, we know itâs true, and we also know why it is (and no, itâs not many individuals in the same body).
Functional MRI (fMRI), PET scans, EEG recordings and other neuroimaging techniques have found measurable differences between identity states in areas involved in memory, emotion regulation, pain perception, visual processing and self-awareness.
These changes are involuntary and occur automatically when different identity states (alters) are active.
This involve the hippocampus, which helps organize memories into coherent autobiographical experiences. People with DID often show differences in hippocampal volume and functioning, consistent with the effects of chronic childhood trauma.
Another important region is the amygdala, which detects threats and generates fear responses. In DID different identity states may show very different levels of amygdala activation depending on whether they are associated with traumatic memories or everyday functioning.
The prefrontal cortex (responsible for planning, reasoning, impulse control and emotional regulation) may also function differently for identity states. Some alters show stronger executive control while others show greater emotional reactivity.
The brain is not switching between multiple brains. It is switching between different âlarge-scale neural networksâ that have become highly compartmentalized over years of development. Basically, those alters are multiple peaces of one whole person.
Normally, memories become stored within one autobiographical âtimelineâ. In the brain, memories are stored as networks of connected information rather than recordings. When you think about a memory, your brain is basically reconstructing it based off of it. In DID, certain memories may only be accessible from particular identity states. One alter may remember a traumatic event vividly while another has no awareness that it happened. This is called dissociative amnesia.
The memories are not destroyed or forgotten, they exist within the same brain but are separated by dissociative barriers that reduce communication between different identity states. Basically, itâs still there(you cannot erase or forget a memory), itâs just not consciously accessible right now.
Some individuals experience complete amnesia between alters, while others have partial awareness or shared memories.
Awareness itself is more complicated than simply being "awakeâ (again, awareness as in being aware doesnât = awareness as in you).
Many people with DID describe several different patterns of awareness. Sometimes only one alter is aware of what is happening, sometimes another alter is "co-conscious" meaning they observe without controlling the body.
Sometimes one alter can hear another's thoughts or internal conversations. Thatâs also why you may have seen people on social mediaâs with DID, who have alters who are âdatingâ. They can âcommunicateâ from âinsideâ, but they are actually literally the same person. Basically the are one single person with one awareness, but severe trauma forced their mind to build walls around different memories and traits, making them feel like separate identities. They are basically different peaces of one whole person.
Importantly, all of these experiences occur within one nervous system and one brain.
Is someone with DID one person?
Scientifically, medically, legally and biologically, the answer is yes.
There is one human being;
One developmental history;
Even in therapy, DID is viewed as one person whose sense of self did not integrate.
Does each alter has its own consciousness?
The answer depends on how consciousness is defined. Consciousness generally refers to the capacity for subjective experience (the awareness of thoughts, emotions, perceptions and the environment). The individual as a whole possesses consciousness because the brain as a whole generates conscious experience.
But each alter represents a different organization of that conscious experience.
Rather than several completely independent consciousnesses existing simultaneously, there is one conscious brain whose awareness can become organized into different identity states.
Researchers describe DID as fragmented consciousness rather than multiple consciousnesses.
BUT if we are talking about consciousness as in the level of the mind (just like the subconscious, and like we do when talking about shifting), people with DID only have one shared consciousness.
Regardless of terminology, the current scientific evidence does not support the existence of multiple entirely independent minds within one brain.
What about the subconscious and unconscious mind?
The subconscious refers to information that is not currently in awareness. The unconscious includes mental processes that occur outside awareness. A person with DID still has one overall brain performing these functions (just like consciousness).
The subconscious is not duplicated for every alter, nor is the unconscious.
You can even go to therapy to helps increase communication, cooperation, emotional regulation and memory integration between those alters. Some individuals eventually achieve âfull integrationâ into one unified identity. Which means that basically, they manage to integrate all of those peaces of themselves into one sens of identity (âmeâ), just like it would have been supposed to happen during their childhood.
Others achieve what clinicians call âfunctional multiplicityâ, where identity states remain distinct but cooperate well enough that the person functions successfully without severe amnesia or distress.
This is not the most important part to answer the question, but it basically shows that it is one person with one brain, one mind, one awareness, one consciousness, one subconscious and one unconscious mind. It is one person.
The scientific understanding of DID continues to evolve but the central point is clear, DID is not the creation of multiple separate people. It is the result of one developing brain using dissociation as a survival strategy in response to severe, repeated childhood trauma. What appears from the outside as multiple identities is (from a medical and neuroscientific perspective) one person's mind expressing highly organized, dissociated self-states within a single conscious brain.
Again, one person, one awareness, one mind.
DID does not fundamentally change the mechanism of shifting. It only influence how awareness is organized before and after the shift.
The key distinction is between the mind as a whole and the current point of conscious awareness (what is being experienced).
Even in DID, there is still one brain, one underlying cognitive system, and one subconscious.
Since shifting operates through awareness rather than through the physical brain, the subconscious and awareness would function as the common foundation that supports every identity state (alters).
It would contain the complete set of information necessary for the shift, regardless of which identity state currently occupies control.
But the conscious mind is different.
The conscious mind (as what you are currently experiencing) can be thought of as a spotlight. The spotlight does not create the stage, it illuminates one portion of it.
In a person without DID, that spotlight remains attached to one integrated sense of self. In DID, the spotlight can move between different identity states, each representing a different organization of perception, memory, emotion, etc.
The "division" in DID is not a division of awareness (as âyouâ) itself but of where awareness (as in being aware) is currently focused.
The awareness that shifts would simply be whichever point of focus is active at the time.
Basically, of someone with DID shift, it would be like anyone else. A person with DID is one person whose sens of self is divided. But it is still one person. One awareness (as âyouâ). That one awareness (âyouâ) is what shifts. (Also, keep in mind that just like anyone else, a person with DID is also constantly shifting. Natural shift are no different than voluntary ones).
The subconscious is also still the one to the entire individual.
Since the subconscious is shared between alters (one subconscious for the individual), the mechanisms responsible for determining your DR and for you to shift (subconscious expectations) dont need to be distinguish between alters. Because all of the alters have the same subconscious.
(They would simply be impacted by the intentions and mental state of the currently active conscious perspective (just like anyoneâs subconscious is)).
If another alter were co-conscious during the shift, the experience would become more complex (not because multiple people are shifting, but because multiple identity states are simultaneously participating in the experience of the same underlying awareness (as âyouâ).
What shifts is not an alter, but the person's complete awareness.
An alter is not awareness itself, and it dosent have an awareness to itself. An alter is a particular organization of awareness (a specific pattern of memories, emotions, self-perception, habits, executive functioning through which the one person experiences reality, etc).
Awareness is more fundamental than any one identity state. It is not only the capacity to experience, but it is YOU.
The alters describe how that awareness is organized and expressed, not what awareness is.
So regardless of whether one alter or several alters (co-conscious) are consciously present, the awareness and the shift belongs to the entire individual.
The person shifts. Not one part of the person and mot one brain state (alter).
The whole person (the individual who exists through every identity state (you)) undergoes the shift.
This remains true even if the person's experience of themselves differs depending on which alter is fronting.
One way to think about it is that DID changes the perspective from which awareness experiences life, but it does not divide awareness into separate beings.
The conscious, subconscious and unconscious mind belong to the individual as a whole, whether or not they are presently accessible to the alter who is fronting.
The alter who is aware during the shift may or may not impact the experience. (I cannot give you a definitive answer on that, so youâll have to shift and let me know, but here are the 2 possibilities).
So how co-consciousness functions in everyday life is that 2 alters (or more) may both remember a conversation because both were consciously aware while it occurred. Another alter who was not co-conscious may later have no recollection of that same conversation.
The event happened to the whole person but the access to the memory differs.
The same could apply to shifting. Suppose the individual shifts while alter A is fronting and alter B is co-conscious.
Both may remember the shifting experience because both participated consciously in the experience.
Alter C (separated by stronger dissociative barriers) may later have no memory of shifting at all. You as a whole and as awareness shifted, and the memories are still there, but it doesnât mean that every alters will have access to it.
That does not mean alter C failed to shift (because what shift is you (awareness) as a whole). Nor does it mean alter C remained behind (because it is a part of you as a whole).
It simply means that alter C lacks access to the memory of an event that belongs to the individual. If someone with DID attends a birthday party while one alter is fronting, the entire body attends the party, the entire nervous system processes the experience and the entire brain undergoes the event. Yet another alter may later have no conscious memory that the birthday party ever happened. Again, this is clinically understood as dissociative amnesia.
Some alters may share knowledge, some may experience amnesic barriers where one alter cannot access the memories of another alterâs experiences. But this does depends of the personâs condition. Some people experience stronger amnesic barrier between alters and other may not.
By definition, diagnosing DID requires recurrent gaps in memory for everyday events or traumatic past events. If a person had immediate access to all memories across all alters all the time, they would likely fit a different profile (such as other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD-1)). But for the sake of the example, letâs include it.
So depending on the personâs condition and level of amnesic barrier, this could vary. BUT also since awareness is what shifts, then every aspect of the individual that depends upon that awareness necessarily shifts as well. So every alter may necessarily have access and remember every memories and experience independently of the personâs condition.
But since shifting means that awareness (as a whole) become aware of another reality (which also means becoming aware of someone else, with their brain, past and life, etc) the alter fronting may not impact anything. If the conscious experience of the person who you shift into is not be divided (meaning your DR self doesnât have DID), you (as awareness, as YOU) may experience life there just like anyone who dosent have DID (or any similar condition) does.
Basically, I cannot tell you with certainty if all of your alters will have conscious access to all of the memories from your shifting experience or not. And I cannot tell you with certainty how you will experience your DR either.
But for the second part, im pretty sure that youll experience it as someone who dosemt have DID (if your DR âselfâ dosemt have DID), because theyâre brain will not be the same, their past and development will not be the same, their neural organization will not be the same, their learned behaviors will not be the same, any existing dissociative structure (is any) will not be the same, their sens of self will not be the same, their conscious experience will not be the same, their nervous system will not be the same, etc. The previous brain would not be generating the ongoing conscious experience anymore because awareness is no longer centered there.
In either case, the continuity belongs to the awareness of the person, not to any particular identity state or any particular brain.
I did my best to answer everything I could to the best of my ability and knowledge, and with our current knowledge of shifting and of DID, is really hope this helped in any way!
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