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Black Massacres: America’s Shameful Past (Revisited VII)
A Commentary by Idris Salaam
This is part seventh and final part of the Black Massacres series. Now, during these massacres, Natives, Asians, and Latinos were also murdered. In previous blogs I covered every era since 1811. There hasn't been a 10 year period in History where White America didn't rape, beat, murder Blacks/Latinos/Asians/Natives and burn down a community.
In this part, we cover the Civil Right Era. This was the era when Minorities decided to fight back and were willing to give their lives to protect their communities.
And again: “When was America Great for people other than White?”
Keep reading
Civil rights movement (1955–1973)
1956: Mansfield School Integration Incident: 400 pro-segregationists brandishing weapons and racist signage prevent 12 black children from entering Mansfield High School Mansfield, Texas
1958: Battle of Hayes Pond, January 18, Maxton, North Carolina, Armed confrontation between members of the NC Lumbee tribe and the KKK.
1960: Ax Handle Saturday, August 27, Jacksonville, Florida
Ole Miss riot of 1962, September 30–October 1; Oxford, Mississippi
Birmingham riot of 1963; Birmingham, Alabama – May
Cambridge riot of 1963; Cambridge, Maryland – June
Chester school protests of 1964; Chester, Pennsylvania - April
Rochester 1964 race riot; Rochester, New York – July
New York City 1964 riot; New York City – July
Philadelphia 1964 race riot; Philadelphia – August
Jersey City 1964 race riot, August 2–4, Jersey City, New Jersey
Paterson 1964 race riot, August 11–13, Paterson, New Jersey
Elizabeth 1964 race riot, August 11–13, Elizabeth, New Jersey
Chicago 1964 race riot, Dixmoor race riot, August 16–17, Chicago
Watts riot of 1965; Los Angeles, California – August: This predominately African-American neighborhood exploded with violence from August 11 to August 17 after the arrest of 21-year old Marquette Frye, a Black motorist who was arrested by a white highway patrolman. During his arrest a crowd had gathered and a fight broke out between the crowd and the police, escalating to the point in which rocks and concrete were thrown at police. 30,000 people were recorded participating in the riots and fights with police, which left thirty four people dead, 1,000 injured and 4,000 arrested.
1966: Omaha riot of 1966, July 2, Omaha, Nebraska
1966: 1966 Chicago West-Side riots, July 12–15, Chicago, Illinois
1966: 1966 New York City riots, July 14–20, New York City, a riot broke out following a dispute between white and black youths. One person was killed and 53 injured. There were three arson incidents and 82 arrests.
1966: Perth Amboy riots, August 2–5, Perth Amboy, New Jersey, a riot broke out following the arrest of a Hispanic man for loitering. Hispanic residents also disliked being treated negatively by the police and being ignored by the community. 26 injuries were reported (15 from law enforcement officers and 11 from civilians) and 43 arrests were made. Interference with firefighters occurred.
1966: Waukegan riot, August 27, Waukegan, Illinois
1966: Benton Harbor riots, August 30 – September 4, Benton Harbor, Michigan
1966: Summerhill and Vine City Riots, September 6–8 Atlanta
1966: 1966 Clearwater riot, October 31, Clearwater, Florida
Hough riots, Cleveland – July 1966
Division Street riots, Chicago – June 1966
1966: July 31, Chicago, white residents attacked 550 civil rights protesters who marched into their neighborhood.
Marquette Park riot; Chicago, Illinois – August 1966
1966 Dayton race riot, Dayton, Ohio – September
Hunters Point riot 1966 – San Francisco – September
1967 Newark riots, Newark, New Jersey – July
1967 Plainfield riots, Plainfield, New Jersey – July
12th Street riot, Detroit – July
1967 New York City riot, Harlem, New York City – July
Cambridge riot of 1967, Cambridge, Maryland – July
1967 Rochester riot, Rochester, New York – July
1967 Pontiac riot, Pontiac, Michigan – July
1967 Toledo Riot, Toledo, Ohio – July
1967 Flint riot, Flint, Michigan – July
1967 Grand Rapids riot, Grand Rapids, Michigan – July
1967 Houston riot, Houston – July
1967 Englewood riot, Englewood, New Jersey – July
1967 Tucson riot, Tucson, Arizona – July
1967 Milwaukee riot, Milwaukee – July
1967 Minneapolis North Side riots Minneapolis-Saint Paul – August
1967 Albina Riot Portland, Oregon – August 30[99]
Orangeburg massacre, Orangeburg, South Carolina – February 1968
I was born in the mid-60s. I can remember the reactions of people although I didn't fully understand until I was an adult and read about the things that happened. So, I ask:
WHEN WAS AMERICA GREAT EXCEPT FOR HATRED, VIOLENCE AND BIGOTRY TOWARDS MINORiTIES?
Black Massacres: America’s Shameful Past (Revisited VI)
A Commentary by Idris Salaam
This is part Six of the Black Massacres series. Now, during these massacres, Natives, Asians, and Latinos were also murdered. In previous blogs I covered the Civil War era, Post civil War/Reconstruction and part of the Jim Crow era. In this blog, we cover the World wars, interwar period, and post war period (1914–1954) .
And again: “When was America Great for people other than White?”
1915: Mass lynching of 11 supposed Mexican bandits, (Lyford, Texas)
1915: Mass lynching of 10 Mexican Americans, (Olmito, Texas)
1915: Mass lynching of 5 Mexicans, (Culberson County, Texas)
1915: Mass lynching of 6 Mexicans, (Brownsville, Texas)
1915: Mass lynching of 4 Mexicans, (Douglas, Arizona)
1917: Anti-Greek riots occurred in Salt Lake City which "almost resulted" in lynching of a Greek immigrant.[84]
1917: El Paso, Texas. The 1917 Bath riots took place over a two-day period from January 28–30. The riot started after a 17-year-old woman by the name Carmelita Torres was ordered to be disembark and submit to the disinfection process but she refused to, having heard reports that nude women were being photographed while in the baths. She requested permission to enter without submitting to bathing and was refused. She then demanded a refund of her fare and upon refusal of a refund convinced the other women on her cable car to protest. The women began shouting and hurling stones at health and immigration officials, sentries and civilians, who had gathered to watch the disturbance. As the rioting went on, men began joining in on the rioting.
1917: East St. Louis riots. On July 1 in East St. Louis, Illinois, an African-American man was rumored to have killed a white man. Violence against African-Americans continued for a week, resulting in estimations of 40 to 200 dead African-Americans. In addition, almost 6,000 African-Americans lost their homes during the riots, then fled East St. Louis.[68]
1917: Chester, Pennsylvania. The 1917 Chester race riot took place over four days in July. White hostility toward southern Blacks moving to Chester for wartime economy jobs erupted into a four-day melee sparked by the stabbing of a white man by a Black man. Mobs of hundreds of people fought throughout the city and the violence resulted in 7 deaths, 28 gunshot wounds, 360 arrests and hundreds of hospitalizations.[85]
1917: Lexington, Kentucky. Tensions already existed between Black and white populations over the lack of affordable housing in the city during the Great Migration. On the day of the riot, September 1, the Colored A.&M. Fair, one of the largest African American fairs in the South, on Georgetown Pike attracted more African Americans from the surrounding area into the city. Also during this time, some National Guard troops were camping on the edge of the city. Three troops passed in front of an African American restaurant and shoved some people on the sidewalk. A fight broke out, reinforcements for the troops and citizens both appeared, and soon a riot had begun. The Kentucky National Guard was summoned, and once the riot had ended, armed soldiers on foot and mount and police patrolled the streets. All other National Guard troops were barred from the city streets until the fair ended.[86]
1917: Houston. Following an incident where police officers arrested and assaulted black soldiers, many of their comrades mutinied and marched to Houston. There they opened fire and killed eleven civilians (including a minor, Freddie Winkler) and five policemen. Four black soldiers were killed by friendly fire.
1918: Philadelphia
1918: Porvenir, Texas
1919: Red Summer. Tension in the summer of 1919 stemmed significantly from white soldiers returning from World War I and finding that their jobs had been taken by African-Americans moving north as part of the Great Migration.
Elaine race riot (Elaine, Arkansas)
Washington race riot of 1919
Jenkins County, Georgia, riot of 1919
Macon, Mississippi, race riot
Chicago race riot of 1919
Baltimore riot of 1919
Omaha race riot of 1919
Charleston riot of 1919
Longview, Texas
Knoxville riot of 1919 (Knoxville, Tennessee)
1920: Ocoee massacre (Ocoee, Florida). To stop African Americans from voting; Ocoee ended up almost all white.
1920: West Frankfort, Illinois
1921: Springfield race riot of 1921 (Springfield, Ohio)
Between May 31st and June 1st, a young white woman accused an African American man of grabbing her arm in an elevator. The man, Dick Rowland, was arrested and police launched an investigation. A mob of armed white men gathered outside the Tulsa County Courthouse, where gunfire ensued. During the violence, 1,250 homes were destroyed and roughly 6,000 African-Americans were imprisoned after the Oklahoma National Guard was called in. The state of Oklahoma reports that twenty-six African-Americans died along with 10 whites.
1922 Perry massacre (Perry, Florida)
1923: Rosewood Massacre (Rosewood, Florida)
1923: Blandford, Indiana Ku Klux Klan-led expulsion.
1926: Mass lynching of 4 Mexican Americans and an Austrian, (Raymondville, Texas)
1927: Little Rock, Arkansas: Lynching of John Carter, a suspect in a murder, was followed by rioting by 5,000 whites in the city, who destroyed a Black business area
1927 Poughkeepsie, New York
1927: Yakima Valley, WA — Yakima Valley riots (anti-Filipino)
1928: Wenatchee Valley — Wenatchee Valley anti-Filipino riot
1929: Exeter, CA — Exeter anti-Filipino riot[91]
1930: Watsonville, California anti-Filipino riot
1931: Arthur and Edith Lee House incident.
1931: Housing protests, August 3, Chicago
1931: Hawaii riot, Hawaii
1935: Cincinnati race riot
1935: Harlem, Manhattan, New York City
1939: U.S. Nazi Riot, New York City
1943: Detroit: In late June a fistfight broke out between an African American man and a white man at an amusement park on Belle Isle. The fistfight spread and escalated into three days of intense fighting, which ended when 6,000 United States Army troops were brought in to impose a curfew. The riot resulted in the deaths of twenty-five African-Americans and nine whites, and seven hundred being injured.
1942: Sojourner Truth Homes Riot, February 28, Detroit, Michigan
1943: Beaumont race riot of 1943
1943: Harlem, Manhattan, New York City
1943: Los Angeles
1946: Columbia race riot of 1946, February 25–26, Columbia, Tennessee
1946: Airport Homes race riots, Chicago
1947: Fernwood Park race riot, mid-August, Fernwood, Chicago
1947: July 25–28, Chicago, about 2,000 whites gathered outside a house at 7153 South Saint Lawrence Avenue after a black postal worker named Roscoe Johnson bought it. The house was firebombed and nearly destroyed and disturbances occurred in the neighborhood for three days after the initial violence.
1949: Fairground Park riot, June 21, St. Louis
1949: Anacostia Pool Riot, June 29, Anacostia, Washington, D.C.
1949: Peekskill riots, Peekskill, New York
1949: Englewood race riot, November 8–12, Englewood, Chicago
1951: Cicero race riot of 1951, July 12, Cicero, Illinois
1953: White residents of the Trumbull Park Homes rioted for weeks after a black family was moved into the project. More riots occurred after 10 more black families were moved in.
1954: Vienna, Illinois White residents burned down all the black homes of Vienna and nearby areas outside city limits. The expulsion was sparked by the murder of an elderly white woman and the attempted rape of her teenage granddaughter by two black men.
Black Massacres: America’s Shameful Past (Revisited V)
A Commentary by Idris Salaam
This is part Five of the Black Massacres series. Now, during these massacres, Natives, Asians, and Latinos were also murdered. In previous blogs I covered the Civil War era, Post civil War/Reconstruction and part of the Jim Crow era. In this blog, we covered the remaining period of the Jim Crow era.
And again: "When was America Great for people other than White?"
1899: Newburg, New York race riot (Newburg, New York), July 28, angered about hiring of African American workers, a group of 80-100 Arab laborers attack African Americans near the Freeman & Hammond brick yard, with numerous men injured on both sides.
1899: Mass lynching of Italians, (Tallulah, Louisiana)
1899: Carterville, Illinois A violent shootout occurred between striking white miners and non-union black miners who were brought into Carterville as strikebreakers. Five black miners are killed. All the surviving black miners left Carterville shortly after the riot.
1900: New York City race riot, occurred August 15 through 17th after the death of a white undercover police officer, Robert J. Thorpe caused by Arthur Harris, a black man.
1900: Robert Charles riots (New Orleans, Louisiana), July 24–27
1900: Tenderloin race riot (Manhattan, New York) August
1900: Burt Lake burn-out (near Cheboygan, Michigan), October 15, police and a mob of white men burned down a Native American town, at the behest of a private developer claiming ownership of the area.
1901: Pierce City, Missouri 300 black residents were expelled after white residents lynched three black men for allegedly killing a white woman.
1902: Rabbi Joseph funeral riot (New York City), July 30, Antisemitic riots initiated by German factory workers and city policemen against thousands of Jews attending Jacob Joseph's funeral.
1902: Decatur, Indiana A mob of 50 men forced black residents out of Decatur.
1903: Evansville race riot, Evansville, Indiana
1903: Joplin, Missouri White residents drove out Joplin's black residents following the lynching of a black transient for the murder of a white policeman.
1904: Springfield, OH – Springfield race riot of 1904
1905: Harrison, Arkansas Resulted in the expulsion of Harrison's black residents.
1906: Springfield, OH – Springfield race riot of 1906
1906: Brownsville affair (Brownsville raid) (Brownsville, Texas), August 12–13
1906: Atlanta massacre of 1906 (Atlanta), September 22–24, after two newspapers printed stories about African American men allegedly assaulting white women anti-African American, violence broke out. Roughly 10,000 white men and boys took the street, resulting in the deaths of 25 to 100 African Americans, along with hundreds injured and many businesses destroyed.
1906: Argenta race riot (Little Rock, Arkansas), October 6–9, began when a white police officer in Argenta (North Little Rock) killed a Black musician, and another Black person was killed; racial tensions rose with exchange of gunfire, resulting in half a block of buildings burned down; whites rioted and some Black people fled the city.
1906: (Wahalak and Scooba, Mississippi), December
1907: (Yazoo City, Mississippi), June 8
1907: Bellingham riots (Bellingham, Washington), September 4
1907: Anti-Japanese San Francisco race riot, San Francisco, May 20
1908: Springfield race riot of 1908 (Springfield, Illinois), August 14–16
1908: Marshall County, Kentucky Whites led by a local doctor drove out blacks from the now extinct city of Birmingham and most of the rest of Marshall County.
1909: Greek Town riot (South Omaha, Nebraska), February 21, a successful Greek immigrant community was burnt to the ground by ethnic whites and its residents were forced to leave town.
1909: Harrison, Arkansas Resulted in the expulsion of Harrison's black residents.[
1910: Nationwide riots following the heavyweight championship fight between Jack Johnson and Jim Jeffries in Reno, Nevada on July 4.
1910 Slocum massacre (around Slocum, Texas), July 29–30, between eight and two hundred Black residents were killed by hundreds of armed white men. Eleven white men were arrested, none went to trial.
1912: lynching and racial expulsion in Forsyth County, Georgia, October and following months
1913: Mass lynching of 9 Mexican bandits, (El Paso, Texas)
Black Massacres: America’s Shameful Past (Revisited IV)
A commentary by Idris Salaam
Part Three: (https://angerinthenation.tumblr.com/post/640889158626377728/black-massacres-americas-shameful-past)
We explore the Jim Crow era. Although it ended in 1914, the effects lasted through the 50s and early 60s. This was something (along with Sharecropping) that replaced Slavery. Many run from this fact because Blacks weren't on plantations. But Jim crow was put into effect to keep Blacks from succeeding in life. Blacks were still lynched like they were during slavery.
So, as I did in the other entries, I ask this question: When was America Great? If you call enslaving people and making their lives miserable to keep you happy, "Making America Great", then we know what you really want.
Jim Crow period (1877–1914)
1877: Group of white men burn down Chinese workers bunkhouse, robs and murders them, (Chico, California)
1878: Reno Chinatown burnt to the ground, Reno, Nevada
1880: Denver riot; a mob of Democratic voters rioted against Chinese residents in which one was killed, Denver
1881: Mass lynching of three Mexicans charged with murder, (Los Lunas, Valencia County, New Mexico)[58]
1882: Mass killing of Chinese miners by white miners who were trying to rob them, in which 4 were killed, Hamer, Idaho
1885: Rock Springs massacre (Rock Springs, Wyoming), September 2, massacre of immigrant Chinese miners by white immigrant miners
1885: 1885 Pierce City lynching: Mass lynching of five Chinese people, Pierce, Idaho
1885: Eureka Chinese expulsion, Eureka, California
1885: Attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers, Issaquah, Washington
1885: Coal creek anti-Chinese riot, Newcastle, Washington
1885: Tacoma riot (Tacoma, Washington), November 3, forceful expulsion of the Chinese population
1885: Chinatown and 25 other buildings totaling 35,000 dollars got burned down causing Chinese to be forced out, (Tulare, California)
1885: Chinatown burnt to the ground, (Pasadena, California)
1885: Mob attempts to burn Chinatown down, (Modesto, California)
1885: Black Diamond anti-Chinese purge, Black Diamond, Washington
1886: Seattle riot (Seattle), February 6–9
1886: Anti-Chinese riot, Olympia, Washington
1886: Mob burns houses of Chinese and expels them, (Marysville, California)
1886: Forced expulsion of Chinese ranchers, (Nicolaus, California)
1886: Redding Chinese expulsion, Redding, California
1886: Red Bluff Chinese expulsion, Red Bluff, California
1886: Pittsburgh riot (Pittsburgh), September 19
1886: Albina and East Portland anti-Chinese purge, Portland, Oregon
1886: Oregon City anti-Chinese expulsion, Oregon City, Oregon
1886: Two are killed in forced expulsion of Chinese miners out to sea, (Juneau, Alaska)
1887: Denver riot (Denver), April 10, fighting between Swedish, Hungarian, and Polish immigrants resulted in the shooting death of one man and several others were injured before it was broken up by police.
1887: Chinatown burnt to the ground, (Dutch Flat, California)
1887: Hells Canyon Massacre (or Snake River Massacre) (Chinese Massacre Cove, Wallowa County, Oregon), May 27–28, massacre of thirty-four Chinese goldminers.
1887: Thibodaux massacre (Thibodaux, Louisiana), November 23, strike of 10,000 sugar-cane workers was opposed by local white paramilitary forces, who rioted and killed an estimated 50 African Americans.
1887: Chinatown burnt down, (San Jose, California)
1889: 1889 Forrest City riot, May 18, Forrest City, Arkansas[60]
1889: Jesup riot, December 25, Jesup, Georgia[61]
1890: Wounded Knee Massacre (Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota), December 29, U.S. Army killed nearly 300 disarmed indigenous Lakota.
1891: New Orleans lynchings (New Orleans) March 14, a lynch mob stormed a local jail and hanged 11 Italians following the acquittal of several Sicilian immigrants alleged to be involved in the murder of New Orleans police chief David Hennessy.
1891: Lynching of Joe Coe (Omaha, Nebraska), October 10, a mob lynched Joe Coe, a Black worker who was suspected of attacking a young white woman from South Omaha. Approximately 10,000 white people, mostly ethnic immigrants from South Omaha, reportedly swarmed the courthouse, setting it on fire. They took Coe from his jail cell, beat him, and then lynched him. Reportedly, 6,000 people viewed Coe's corpse during a public exhibition, at which pieces of the lynching rope were sold as souvenirs.
1893: Napa Valley riot; white laborer's union formed and forcibly remove Chinese workers from working in plum orchards, (Napa, California)
1893: Fresno riot; white mob attacked Chinese grape pickers and left one worker in critical condition, (Fresno, California)
1893: Redlands riot; ordered Chinese to leave by nighttime, later white mob formed and burned and looted Chinatown, (Redlands, California)
1894: Buffalo, New York riot of 1894 (Buffalo, New York), March 18, two groups of Irish and Italian-Americans were arrested by police after fighting following a barroom brawl. After the mob was dispersed by police, five Italians were arrested while two others were sent to a local hospital.
1894: Bituminous coal miners' strike (Colorado, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia), April–June, Much of the violence in this national strike was not specifically racial. In Iowa, where employees of Consolidation Coal Company (Iowa) refused to join the strike, armed confrontation between strikers and strike breakers took on racial overtones because the majority of Consolidation's employees were African American. The National Guard was mobilized to avert open warfare.
1895: 1895 New Orleans dockworkers riot (New Orleans), March 11–12
1895: Spring Valley Race Riot of 1895
1895: July 4, riot of Orangemen vs Irish Catholics, (Boston)
1896: Newmarket Textile Mill riots of 1896, Americans vs. French immigrant workers; July 18-October 21, 1896; 10% of the buildings in Newmarket, New Hampshire have been burnt down.
1896: Linton, Indiana 300 black strikebreakers were expelled from the coal mining town of Linton after one of the strikebreakers shot a white boy. Eventually blacks were banned from living in all of Greene County.
1896: Mass lynching of Italians, (Hahnville, Louisiana)
1897: Lattimer massacre, September 1897, near Hazleton, Pennsylvania
1898: Lynching of Frazier B. Baker and Julia Baker (Lake City, South Carolina), February 22
1898: Phoenix election riot (near Greenwood County, South Carolina), November 8
1898: Wilmington insurrection and municipal-level coup d'etat (Wilmington, North Carolina), November 10, a group of Democrats sought to remove democratically-elected African Americans from the political scene, by accusing African American men of sexually assaulting white women. About five hundred white men attacked and burned Alex Manly's office, a newspaper editor who suggested African American men and white women had consensual relationships. Fourteen African Americans were killed.
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Black Massacres: America’s Shameful Past (Revisited III)
A commentary by Idris Salaam
This is part Three of a four part series.
Part Two: (https://angerinthenation.tumblr.com/post/640889158626377728/black-massacres-americas-shameful-past)
Make America Great Again..
Okay, as I travel through time, we enter the Civil War and Post Civil War period. Slaves (Africans) fought this war alongside the very men who had zero respect for them as humans. However, these Africans fought with valor in their hearts just to be treated the same way they were before the war.
Civil War period (1861–1865)
1862: Buffalo riot of 1862 (Buffalo, New York), August 12, riots by German and Irish longshoreman over lack of pay from dock bosses.
1863: Bear River Massacre (near Preston, Idaho), January 29, following several years of violent clashes, U.S. Army attacked a Shoshone encampment, killing over two hundred indigenous Americans.
1863: Detroit race riot (Detroit), March 6, protests by working class over military draft for Civil War.
1863: New York City draft riots, July 13–16, also known as "Manhattan draft riots" or "Draft Week", violence broke out among the working-class in Lower Manhattan after new draft laws were passed by Congress for the Civil War. White protesters eventually turned their attacks towards Black people.
1864: Sand Creek massacre, November 29, also known as "the Chivington massacre", "the battle of Sand Creek", or "the massacre of Cheyenne Indians", the Third Colorado Cavalry of the U.S. Army attacked and destroyed a camp of Cheyenne and Arapaho people seeking Army protection in southeastern Colorado Territory, killing and mutilating as many as 600 Native American people, about two-thirds of whom were women and children.
Post–Civil War and Reconstruction period (1865–1877)
1866: New Orleans massacre of 1866 (New Orleans), July 30
1866: Owyhee River Massacre; a group of traveling Chinese miners were attacked by a Paiute war party, in which 49 Chinese miners were killed, Arock, Oregon
1866: Memphis riots of 1866 (Memphis, Tennessee), May 1–3, mostly ethnic Irish against African Americans
1868: Pulaski riot (Pulaski, Tennessee), January 7
1868: St. Bernard Parish massacre (St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana), October 25
1868: Opelousas massacre (Opelousas, Louisiana), September 28
1868: Camilla race riot (Camilla, Georgia), September 19
1868: Wards Island riot, March 5, Irish and German-American indigent immigrants, temporarily interned at Wards Island by the Commissioners of Emigration, begin rioting following an altercation between two residents, resulting in thirty men seriously wounded and around sixty arrested.
1870: Marias massacre (Marias River, Montana Territory), January 23, U.S. Army killed over 200 Piegan Blackfeet, mostly elderly, women and children.
1870: Eutaw massacre (Eutaw, Alabama), October 25
1870: Mamaroneck riot (Mamaroneck, New York), August 13
1870: Laurens, South Carolina, October 20
1870: Kirk-Holden war: (Alamance County, North Carolina), July - November, Federal troops, led by Col. Kirk and requested by NC governor Holden, were sent to extinguish racial violence. Holden was eventually impeached because of the offensive.
1870: New York City orange riot, July 12
1871: Meridian race riot, (Meridian, Mississippi), March
1871: Second New York City orange riot, July 12
1871: Los Angeles anti-Chinese riot (Los Angeles), October 24, mixed Mexican and white mob killed 17–20 Chinese in the largest mass lynching in U.S. history
1871: Scranton coal riot, Violence occurs between striking members of a miners' union in Scranton, Pennsylvania when Welsh miners attack Irish and German-American miners who chose to leave the union and accept the terms offered by local mining companies.[53]
1872: Pattenburg Massacre, on the Muthockaway Creek, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Black laborers working on the farm of a Mrs Carter are attacked while returning to their shanties after work by Irish laborers who had been working on a nearby tunnel. Three Black men Denis Powel, Oscar Bruce and another older Black man were shot and beaten beyond recognition. Three other Black men from the massacre were arrested, while their assailants remained at large.
1873: Colfax massacre (Colfax, Louisiana), April 13
1874: Vicksburg massacre (Vicksburg, Mississippi), December 7, attack on Black citizens, death toll estimates range from 75 to 300 people.
1874: Election Massacre of 1874 (Eufaula, Alabama), November 3
1874: Battle of Liberty Place (New Orleans), September 14, after contested gubernatorial election, Democrats took over state buildings for three days.
1874: Coushatta massacre (Coushatta, Louisiana), August
1875: Clinton Riot (Massacre) (Clinton, Mississippi), September
1876: Statewide violence in South Carolina (Hamburg, Charleston, Ellenton, Cainhoy, Edgefield, Mt. Pleasant, and Beaufort, South Carolina), July - November
1876: Hamburg massacre, (Hamburg, South Carolina), July
1876: Ellenton riot, (Ellenton, South Carolina), September
1877: San Francisco riot of 1877 (San Francisco), July 23–25, a three-day pogrom waged against Chinese immigrants.
Black Massacres: America’s Shameful Past (Revisited II)
A Commentary by Idris Salaam
This is part 2 of a four part series.
Part One: (https://angerinthenation.tumblr.com/post/640889158626377728/black-massacres-americas-shameful-past)
At what point of time in America was it great for everyone? I mean, help me out, here. History has shown that the "settlers, colonizers," whatever, did want anyone who didn't look like them to thrive.
1814: Anti-Hispanic race riot with sailors, (Boston)
1823: Nativist launch raid on Irish neighborhood, (Boston)
1824: Hard Scrabble and Snow Town Riots, 1824 & 1831 respectively, Providence, Rhode Island
1826: Multiple forays on Irish neighborhoods, (Boston)
1828: Riot between English/Irish Protestants against Irish Catholics in South Boston, (Boston)
1829: Cincinnati riots of 1829 (Cincinnati). Rioting against African Americans results in thousands leaving for Canada.
1829: Boston anti-Catholic riots (Boston) Attacked homes of Irish Catholics, stoning them for three days.
1831: Nat Turner's slave rebellion (Southampton County, Virginia)
1831: Nativist attack Irish church, (Boston)
1832: Nativist attack Irish on Merrimack street, (Boston)-
1832: December 31, rioters clash with the watch protecting Irish homes, (Boston)
1833: November 29, Nativist riot in Charlestown, (Charlestown, Massachusetts)
1833: December 7–8, Nativist riots in Charlestown, (Charlestown, Massachusetts)
1834: Ursuline Convent riots (Charlestown, Massachusetts, near Boston)
1834: New York anti-abolitionist riots (1834)
1834: Attack on Canterbury Female Boarding School, Canterbury, Connecticut
1834: Bangor anti-Catholic riot, Bangor, Maine
1835: Gentleman's Riot, numerous riots throughout 1835 targeting abolitionists,
Boston, Massachusetts
1835: Snow Riot (Washington, D.C.)
1835: Five Points Riot (New York City)
1835: Destruction of Noyes Academy, Canaan, New Hampshire
1836: Cincinnati riots of 1836 (Cincinnati)
1837: Broad Street Riot (Boston)
1837: Montgomery Guards riot (Boston)
1837: Murder of Elijah Lovejoy
1838: Burning of Pennsylvania Hall
1841: Cincinnati riots of 1841 (Cincinnati)
1842: Lombard Street Riot, (a.k.a. the Abolition Riots), August 1, Philadelphia
1842: Muncy Abolition riot of 1842
1844: Philadelphia Nativist Riots (May 6–8 and July 5–8), Philadelphia
1844: Brooklyn riot, occurred on April 4 between nativists and Irish immigrants.
1846: Nativist riot, (Boston, Massachusetts)
1849: Astor Place riot, between immigrants and nativists
1851: Hoboken anti-German riot
1853: Cincinnati riot of 1853 (Cincinnati, anti-Catholic riot by German Protestants and Liberals)
1854: Bath, Maine, anti-Catholic riot of 1854 (Bath, Maine)
1854: St. Louis Nativist riots (St. Louis, anti-Irish Catholic riot)
1854: May 26, Failed rescue of fugitive slave Anthony Burns with the riot led by abolitionists, (Boston)
1854: May 7, "Angel Gabriel" Orr nativist riot, (Boston)
1854: June, Orr's followers brawl with Irish, (Boston)
1855: Rogue River Massacre; Chinese migrants killed by Native American tribes in connection with the Rogue River Wars in Rogue River, Oregon
1855: Bangor know-nothing/nativist riot; Irish and their taverns were targets of attacks from know nothing party in a combination of anti - immigrant and pro temperance attitudes, Bangor, Maine
1855: Bloody Monday (Louisville, Kentucky, anti-German and Irish riots)
1855: Lager Beer Riot (Chicago, caused by raising taxes on alcohol for Irish and German immigrants)
Black Massacres: America’s Shameful Past (Revisited)
A commentary by Idris Salaam
It's been 5 years (2021) since I posted the original blog on this subject. A lot has happened since then. So, I decided to update things with another blog and much more information.
I know ignorance will arrive to this blog. But they can say what they want.
They are irrelevant.
Over Trump's two administrations, the mantra has been, “Make America Great Again.” But many of us ask, “When was America Great? And for who?” Whenever a black community was built, it was torn by Systematic Racism.
Below is a list of Black Massacres in the USA.
I’d like to ask my "friends" who voted for Trump; When was America Great for Black People or indigenous people?
- 1854 - 1859: Following California's transition to statehood, the California state government, incited, aided and financed miners, settlers, ranchers and people's militias to enslave, kidnap, or murder a major proportion of California's Indigenous people, who were sometimes contemptuously referred to as "Diggers", for their practice of digging up roots to eat. California governor Peter Hardeman Burnett predicted in 1851: "That a war of extermination will continue to be waged between the two races until the Indian race becomes extinct, must be expected. While we cannot anticipate the result with but painful regret, the inevitable destiny of the race is beyond the power and wisdom of man to avert."
Approximately 370 Massacres occurred with the death toll of Indigenous people estimated at over 16,000.
The San Francisco Vigilance Movements of 1851 and 1856
- 1863 New York: New York City Draft riots.
- 1866 Memphis
- 1866 New Orleans
- 1868 St. Bernard Parrish
- 1868 Camila, GA
- 1868 Opelousas, LA: In 1868, Republicans (Modern-Day Democrats) won the overall election. This was due to the votes of recently freed black men. With this, the Democratic Party (Now the modern Day Republican party) was losing its power in politics whether they be at the local or state level. The anger of the Knights of the White Camellia, a group formed to stop the Republican Party, began to show violent force against any black person they came into contact with. Although the Knights were not the Ku Klux Klan, they stood by the same values of their white-hooded counterparts. They were seen as a heavily grouped organization in which it was written that one in four whites were members.
As Election time drew close, The Knights went on a rampage. This began with a newspaper editor being beaten. When black came to his aid, they were immediately arrested. But before a trial, they were lynched. During the evening, any black person found was murdered right away.
When the carnage ended, 200-300 blacks were killed. Even with the murders, Ulysses Grant won the election against Horatio Seymour and Francis Blair, both anti-black contenders.
- 1868 Wilmington Insurrection: Wilmington, North Carolina saw close to 2,000 white men on a rampage when they burned The Daily Record newspaper company. This didn’t stop as the very next day they took their rampage through the city telling Blacks to leave. If they didn’t leave they were subsequently murdered. After the deaths of up to 60 Black People, the mob proceeded to force a Government official to resign… at gun point, mind you. Days before going on a rampage and putting their own leadership in place, the Leader stated he would “Choke The Current of Cape Fear with Black Bodies.”
Until January 6, This was the only coup d’état on American soil. It was done because the city council of Wilmington was interracial. Some of the tactics used to form this mob was claiming that back men were preying on white women.
- 1873 Colfax, LA: 7 Years after the Civil War, a period where they said was a “Great Period For Blacks”, 150 Black Men and Women were murdered with guns and cannons for trying to assemble at the courthouse. Many of the uncounted bodies were thrown into the Red River.
- 1874 Eufsula, AL
- 1874 Vicksburg, AK
- 1875 Clinton, AK
- 1887 Thibodaux, LA
- 1896 Jim Crow Laws begins
- 1898 Wilmington, Delaware: Whites marched through the city, exiling Black citizens and killing those unwilling to leave.
- 1906 Atlanta
- 1908 Springfield (IL): The 1908 Springfield Race Riot was a violent racial attack in Springfield, Illinois, from August 14 to 16, 1908, carried out by a white mob of approximately 5,000 people. The violence was sparked by false accusations against two Black men, Joe James and George Richardson, who were arrested for allegedly assaulting white women. When the mob discovered the men had been secretly transferred to another jail, they turned their fury on the Black community, resulting in at least 17 deaths, including two lynched men—Scott Burton and William K. Donnegan—and two who died by suicide. Dozens of Black homes and businesses were destroyed, and over 2,000 Black residents fled the city.
- 1910 Slocum, LA
- 1917 East St. Louis
- 1919 Omaha
- 1919 Elaine, AK: Seen as “Red Summer”, black soldiers were adjusting to living the life as civilians upon returning from the first World War.
** Civil Rights Activist W.E.B. DuBois stated:
“We are cowards and jackasses if now that the war is over, we do not marshal every ounce of our brain and brawn to fight a sterner, longer, more unbending battle against the forces of hell in our own land.”
With that, many black men returning from war were no longer wiling to live under Jim Crows Laws. This infuriated whites, causing them to prey upon blacks with violence, especially those who served time during the war. With demographics changing in part because of the Great Migration, violence became a huge problem in small towns such as Elaine, Arkansas… which was the largest instance of violence.
Veterans fought back, with the help of non-veterans. Those who weren’t killed were captured, forced to do false confessions and then murdered. They would later known as the Elaine 12.
Over a span of 72 hours, Black sharecroppers, who were trying to improve their conditions were beaten and lynched. In the end of it all, over 200 black men, women and children were murdered.
- 1919 Chicago: The Red Summer of 1919 saw nearly 25 race riots across the U.S., including the Chicago race riot (July 27–August 3), which resulted in 200+ deaths) and over 1,000 Black families left homeless. The violence was triggered by the drowning of a Black teenager, Eugene Williams, after he crossed an informal racial boundary at a segregated beach. 200+ Black people were killed and thousands of Black homes were looted and damaged.
- 1919 Washington: On Saturday, July 19, 1919 a major race riot broke out across Washington, D.C. as white mobs attacked the African American community and African American soldiers returning from WWI. The mob was retaliating against an alleged assault of a white woman, Elsie Stephnick, by a Black man, Charles Ralls.
Elsie’s husband was a white, civilian employee of the navy. Hundreds of white sailors, soldiers, and marines formed “a mob in uniform.”
– 1920 Ocoee: A relatively wealthy African-American man named Mose Norman tried to vote but was turned away. Members of the KKK even took a gun away from him, a weapon he had brought to protect himself, and ordered him to go home. Later that day, a mob of whites, many of them KKK members, traversed the black neighborhoods looking for Norman before eventually deciding to head to the home of another prominent black man: July Perry. Eventually, they captured him, lynched him and burned his neighborhood down. The terror wrought by the mob was so great that Ocoee turned into an all-white town for decades.
During the 1920 census, around 500 black people called Ocoee home; in 1940, 1950, 1960 and 1970, every census taken revealed there to be no black citizens at all.
.– 1921: Tulsa’s Greenwood neighborhood was once the wealthiest Black community in the country, earning it the moniker of “Black Wall Street.” In 1921, it was bombed, burning it to the ground and leaving up to 300 dead. It all began when a 17 year old white girl accused a Black teen of assault.
Estimated total: 10,000 whites
- 1923 Rosewood: Like Tulsa, an entire community was burned to the ground. This also began with a white woman accusing Sam carter, a black locksmith of assault. He was executed and his body, mutilated, was hung from a tree for all to see.
He was one of an estimated 150 that were killed.
- 1935 Redlining begins
- 1943 Detroit: The 1943 Detroit race riot lasted two days, leaving 34 people dead (25 Black, 9 white) and over 600 injured. It was fueled by rumors of violence between Black and white youth on Belle Isle, leading to widespread looting, arson, and police violence.
- 1963 Alabama
- 1963 The Southern Strategy begins
- 1965 Jim Crow Laws ends
- 1968 Redlining ends with the Fair Housing Act
** The April 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis, Tennessee and the June assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in Los Angeles also led to nationwide rioting with similar mass deaths.
- 1972 The Southern Strategy Ends
- 1985 Philadelphia
– In 2015, a lone white supremacist in Charleston entered one of the country’s oldest Black churches and shot 10 worshipers in cold blood.
With all of these massacres, show me in history where Black People have burned down an entire white community.
When was America Great?
Trump tells CNN Israeli forces could resume fighting in Gaza ‘as soon as I say the word’ if Hamas won’t uphold ceasefire deal
By Idris Salaam
10.15.25
Original story by: CNN:
Here’s a summary of the article:
President Donald Trump stated that he may allow Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to resume military action in Gaza if Hamas fails to uphold its part of the ceasefire agreement. In a call with CNN, Trump said Israeli forces could return to action "as soon as I say the word."
The remarks follow Israel's accusations that Hamas is not complying with the ceasefire terms, particularly the return of hostages. Under Trump’s 20-point peace plan, all hostages — both living and deceased — were to be returned within 72 hours of Israel accepting the deal.
So far:
All 20 living Israeli hostages have been released.
Eight bodies have been handed over by Hamas, though one is reportedly not an Israeli hostage.
More bodies (4–5) are expected soon.
In response, Israel may reduce or delay humanitarian aid to Gaza.
Despite the tensions, the ceasefire remains in effect for now.
President Donald Trump said Wednesday that he would consider allowing Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to resume military action in
Have you checked on your father, brother, uncle, son, cousin or your homie?
Suicide info
(Information is from the CDC and Black Demographics Website)
13 Million have thought about suicide
3.7 Million made a plan of Suicide
1.5 Million Attempted
Males make up 50% of the population but nearly 80% of suicides.
Women show higher rates of suicidal thinking, non-fatal suicidal behavior, and suicide attempts. Suicide statistics reveal that women are roughly three times more likely to attempt suicide, though, as of 2024, men are four times more likely to die by suicide.
While men are more likely to die as a result of a suicide attempt, women are more likely to engage in what is known as deliberate self-harm (DSH) or self-injury. DSH involves any sort of self-harming behavior, whether or not the intent is to commit suicide.
Women are twice as likely as men to carry a diagnosis of major depression, though, as noted, completed suicide occurs much more often in men than women. It's also known that women are more likely to seek treatment for depression than men.
The gender stereotype of men being "tough" and "strong" does not allow for failure, perhaps causing men to select a more violent and lethal method of suicide.
Suicide rates among white men compared to white women is 3:1.
Suicide rates among black men compared to black women is 5:1.
We (as a society) downplay Men's Mental Health (and Suicide) because, as stated, men are put to a standard of "show no weakness or vulnerability." However, when we do show weakness and/or vulnerability, we are met with these statements:
From Women" "You have Daddy/Mommy issues, You're not a real man, you're soft, You're not Masculine enough for me. I don't need to take care of no man."
From Men: "Man up! Stop being a p*ssy. You're soft."
It's a double-edged sword.
Those who have never experienced Depression or the lack of will to continue don't realize how hard it is. It's not something you just wake up and say, "I'm good! Let's tackle life."
Many mornings, you wake up saying, "F*ck this Life."
It's a chemical imbalanced. Those of us who fight this daily (and it is a fight), can tell you it's more than just a "passing phase."
Men's mental health is like the song "Tears of a Clown."
"Now if there's a smile on my face
It's only there trying to fool the public
But when it comes down to fooling you
Now honey, that's quite a different subject
But don't let my glad expression give you the wrong impression
Really, I'm sad (sad, sad, sad, sad)
Oh, I'm sadder than sad
You're gone and I'm hurtin' so bad."
(Smokey Robinson and the Miracles "Tears of a Clown")
This is what a man feels like with Mental Illness.
Reaching out can prove Fruitful or Fatal. If a person is willing to listen to a man cry, then that man is on his way to some type of healing.
If he's mocked, it could prove Fatal, not just for him, but for those who mocked him.
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Depression & Suicide are never something to brush off. But we have MALES who downplay male suicides to bring attention to suicide by women. Suicide is Suicide. Don't throw men in the gutter because you want to be praised and respected by women.
Here are some FACTS about suicide:
• The current suicide rate of 14.3 deaths per 100,000 people was 1% higher than in 2021 and is the highest rate since 1941.
• Suicide rates significantly decreased among younger people — by 18% for kids ages 10-14 and by 9% for people ages 15-24 — possibly indicating that efforts to address the youth mental health crisis are working.
• The suicide rate among American Indian and Alaska Native people, while declining 5% last year, remains far higher than any other racial or ethnic group.
So the next time you decide to use men as your whipping post to bring to light suicide amongst women, put your head in the sand.
ALL OF US suffer. No suicide is more important than the other. And the older you get, the harder life gets mentally. You don't know what's going on in someone's head. I'm 59 years old and I've been through a lot of my years. When I think back at my life, I'm thankful because I say to myself, "You actually made it through all of that shit." (Racism and poverty as a child, military, gang life as an Enforcer and being stabbed 2x prison, homelessness). Yeah, shits been hard.
But the fight goes on every day when I wake up. It's a battle of, "Do I want to keep going or do I want to just clock out?"
After my mother passed, I really didn't give a f***. But I have adult children and a whole host of grandchildren that look up to me. The same with nieces and nephews as well as my brother and my sister. I know if I go down, they go down mentally. That's my driving force. But that doesn't mean the fight is easy
Never been afraid of dying. Just afraid of leaving my family in pain.
And I'm going to keep it 100:
I found that the women tend to laugh when men bring this situation to light. And then you got the men back in these women calling the men "Weak."
Suicide loves Depression. Suicide is like an evil spirit wanting to be your best friend. It reminds you of all the things you've been through and confirms you saying, "I can make you feel better."
STOP DOWNPLAYING SUICIDE AMONGST MEN!
Social Media:
People have started to act as if they are perpetually on Facebook, Twitter (X), YouTube or Instagram, places that have trained us to think our opinions are urgently needed at all times.
- Betty Bowers
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Some in our community would rather be surrounded by "Yes Men/Women" than people who will be honest with them. That's why the Lizzo's and others behave the way they do. There's no reason for people who so call love these individuals should allow them to be as self destructive as they are. All the while, other communities just sit back and laugh their asses off while county the money they make off of them. If one of us speaks up, we are called Haters,
We are truly crashing to Earth faster and faster each day.
A Commentary by Idris Salaam
(Boscoe from The Bronx - Bigboscoe Productions)
Is Hip Hop Dead?
On Life Support?
If you refer Hip Hop to only as Rapping, then, in some ways, yes it is dead. I mean, just think about it. We are in the period right now where we didn't have a song chart until, out of the blue, one did. (I still they did that because it showed the quality of music finally hit rock-bottom). A lot of entetainers of this era were saying fans were tired of the same stuff, and that's why the record sales were going down. We've had artists having to cancel shows because they can't fill arenas. There's but so much ass the "Bitches" can sell, just like there's but so much money "Niggas" can have and jewelry to flash.
[[More]]
So, if you only looking at it in terms of Rapping, yes, Hip Hop is Dead.
But, are you talking about Hip Hop or are you talking about rapping? And this is where people seem to be confused.
Do they realize Hip Hop comes in many forms?
• Hip Hop is music other than just Rap: Listen to the sounds that crafted the genre. (The samples from Funk, Jazz, Blues, Rock, Soul, etc). Listen to the Instrumentals of past songs. The rhythms. Before 2000, Hip Hop had music for everyone, not just the ones who love the stereotypical "I'm a real nigga/Bad Bitch" scenario.
• Hip Hop is living a particular lifestyle. The fashion, the style. If you look at how Hip Hop is portrayed in Asia, it's almost idenitcal to Hip Hop in its purest form. In fact, pure Hip Hop strips women of the Bad Bitch persona. The men become more Masculine and protective.
• Hip Hop is art (Graffiti). There's a whole Culture of Art revolving around Hip Hop. (Phase II, Dondi, Blade, Fab5Freddy, IN, Comet, etc). There are museums across the country displaying Hip Hop art.
• Hip Hop is the DMC: Turntable battles and performances. (DJ Craze, Roc Raida, Perly, Sonic Jewel, ISP, Jazzy Jeff, etc). These competitons consists of drumming (Using a record to create an entirely different beat), body tricks, etc. Even the parties are amazing as you will hear some of your favorite songs being flipped an entirely different that even the original artists couldn't do. And yes, turntablists have music on the market. The mainstream doesn't play it for obvious reasons.
• Hip Hop is understanding the Culture: What do you know about Hip Hop? Do you know the hostroy? Listen to some of the rhythms that birthed the genre: The Jubilaries (The first rappers) James Brown, The Last Poets, Parliament-Funkadelic (The sound of the West Coast's "G-Funk" was birthed from), Electronic. Research the Culture and how it came about. The Black Spades, the Casanova Crew, The Zulu Nation. When you get to Hip Hop (it was called B-Boying), start learning about Kool Herc and his crew, the Godmother MC Sha-Rock (The Funky Four + 1 More), Grandwizard Theodore (The Fantastic Freaks), The Cold Crush Brothers. Theres plenty more.
In today's society, people refer to Hip Hop as just Rapping, when Rapping it's just one element. We have to blame this on the mainstream as they have dictated the way Hip Hop is being interpreted. And just because you're a rapper doesn't mean you represent Hip Hop. There are many songs across each genre where people are rapping. But does that make them Hip Hop?
We allowed outside forces (the same forces that tried to shut hip hop down in his early days) to dictate what hip hop is. We allowed them to call anything with a rap verse, "Hip Hop." And because we decided to "Get the bag," we also decided to go along with it.
If you're only into listening to Rap hits, then yes, Hip Hop is Dead to you.
But if you want to see how Hip Hop is still living it's best life, step outside of the Rap World you live in and explore Hip Hop in a whole.
Just like 80% of the ocean hasn't been mapped, the same can be said of Hip Hop.
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